{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T18:25:44Z","timestamp":1793989544135,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007338","name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:50:24Z","timestamp":1792079424000},"page":"101317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cerebrospinal fluid Cytokine signatures in real-time PCR-confirmed acute bacterial Meningitis: Diagnostic insights from TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Lodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepthi","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bimal K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00195-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"22","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib2","series-title":"Defeating meningitis by 2030: a global road map","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61186-6","article-title":"Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis","volume":"380","author":"Van de Beek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666","article-title":"The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328337f49e","article-title":"New understandings on the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis","volume":"23","author":"Koedel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000500011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of acute meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and adjunctive therapy approaches","volume":"70","author":"Barichello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.009","article-title":"Neurological sequelae of bacterial meningitis","volume":"73","author":"Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771","article-title":"IL-10: the master regulator of immunity","volume":"180","author":"Couper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw861","article-title":"Infectious diseases Society of America's Clinical Practice Guidelines for healthcare-associated ventriculitis and Meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Tunkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ011","article-title":"Adult bacterial meningitis: earlier treatment improves outcome","volume":"60","author":"Glim\u00e5ker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00883-7","article-title":"Community-acquired bacterial meningitis","volume":"398","author":"Van de Beek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz222","article-title":"Targeting the complement system in bacterial meningitis","volume":"142","author":"Koelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/371465","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"2013","author":"Barichello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.05.004","article-title":"Meningitis in neonates: bench to bedside","volume":"37","author":"Grandgirard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1952","article-title":"Mechanisms of microbial traversal of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.1","article-title":"Defense at the border: the blood-brain barrier versus bacterial foreigners","volume":"7","author":"Van Sorge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3265","article-title":"The anatomical and cellular basis of immune surveillance in the CNS","volume":"12","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113555","article-title":"Blood\u2012Brain barrier pathology and CNS outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis","volume":"19","author":"Yau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.08.019","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis at a tertiary general hospital in China","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative stress in pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"28","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186687","article-title":"Goal directed therapy for suspected acute Bacterial meningitis outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"12","author":"Wall","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000417","article-title":"Epidemiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis","volume":"31","author":"Brouwer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.12.4883-4890.1996","article-title":"Roles of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis and effect of adjunctive therapy","volume":"64","author":"Van Furth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00576","article-title":"The role of microglia in bacterial meningitis: inflammatory response, experimental models and new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies","volume":"10","author":"Thorsdottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.2.118","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis","volume":"6","author":"Tunkel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050900","article-title":"The impact and burden of neurological sequelae following bacterial meningitis: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Schiess","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61185-4","article-title":"Dilemmas in the diagnosis of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis","volume":"380","author":"Brouwer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000193292.09894.b7","article-title":"Strategies to prevent neuronal damage in paediatric bacterial meningitis","volume":"18","author":"Grandgirard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30654-7","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis in adults","volume":"388","author":"McGill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085726002768?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085726002768?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:47:26Z","timestamp":1793987246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0255085726002768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0255085726002768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0255-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0255-0857","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cerebrospinal fluid Cytokine signatures in real-time PCR-confirmed acute bacterial Meningitis: Diagnostic insights from TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2026.101317","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101317"}}