{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:12:04Z","timestamp":1788797524205,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To date, the advancements in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assures accurate, fast identification and mycobacterial speciation in clinical settings, which promotes a better tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, a total of 78 clinically suspected cases of TB were processed for the detection of Mycobacterial infections by standard Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining, conventional Lowenstein\u2013Jensen (LJ) and BACTEC MGIT-960\u2122 liquid culture. Strain typing was performed by using Double Repetitive Element PCR (DRE-PCR) and Duplex PCR (DPCR) to differentiate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex (MTB) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 78 clinical isolates, 25 (32%) were drug-susceptible, and 53 (68%) were resistant to at least one drug. The BACTEC MGIT-960\u2122 showed the highest (88.5%) positivity rate, compared with conventional LJ (82%) and ZN smear (61.5%). The mean time detection and drug susceptibility for MTB was 28 and 40 days in LJ culture, and 10 and 13 days in BACTEC MGIT-960\u2122 culture. Using DPCR,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection was identified in HIV-positive (2.56%) and MTB in HIV-negative patients (97.4%), and the DRE-PCR system divulged 15 unique genotype patterns, and an institutional-based epidemiology database was created.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of an in-house DRE\u2013DPCR system could possibly identify and differentiate MTB from other mycobacterial species in a single reaction. In addition, restriction polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing of NTM could assist in species identification directly from clinical isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2014.11.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T20:35:11Z","timestamp":1421181311000},"page":"60-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular typing and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates using Double Repetitive Element PCR and Duplex PCR"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kathirvel","family":"Maruthai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumurugan","family":"Ravibalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kommoju","family":"Vallayyachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendar","family":"Kesavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony V.","family":"Samrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthuraj","family":"Muthaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-10-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02769-9","article-title":"DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Agra region by IS6110 Probe","volume":"22","author":"Chauhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J. 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