{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:12:07Z","timestamp":1788797527516,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the utility of light-emitting diode fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in HIV-infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was performed on 400 HIV-infected, clinically or radiologically suspected PTB patients. Two sputum specimens were collected from each patient. Two direct smears were prepared from each sputum specimen. One was stained by ZN method and another by auramine-O method and reported as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines. LED-FM stained smears were reported by two readers. All specimens were cultured on LJ medium after digestion and decontamination. Address and contact details of all the patients were recorded in case record form. They were contacted for follow-up if required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 800 sputum specimens processed, 130 were positive by LED-FM method and 33 were positive by ZN method; 77 specimens showed growth of MTB on LJ medium. When compared with solid culture as a reference standard, LED-FM has a sensitivity of 67.53%, specificity of 88.71%, PPV of 40% and NPV of 96.08%. Seventy-eight LED-FM positive and culture negative specimens had scanty grading. Of these, 15 were confirmed as having PTB as they responded to anti-TB treatment. The concordance between two readers was 98.75%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LED-FM can be a good screening test for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV-infected patients. However, all scanty grade positive smears need to be confirmed by WHO approved gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T18:44:57Z","timestamp":1422902697000},"page":"31-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Utility of light-emitting diode microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Arati","family":"Bhadade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Kanade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Nataraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa020098","article-title":"Controlling tuberculosis in India","volume":"347","author":"Khatri","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"R4-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.02.020","article-title":"The future looks bright: low-cost fluorescent microscopes for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Coccidiae","volume":"102","author":"Hanscheid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"R5-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1.250","article-title":"Lessons from a proficiency testing event for acid-fast microscopy","volume":"120","author":"Somosk\u00f6vi","year":"2001 July","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R6-5-20260907","first-page":"658","article-title":"Evaluation of the FluoreslenSTM and fluorescence microscopy blinded rechecking trial, Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Torrea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R8-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00023211","article-title":"Comparative cost and performance of LED-microscopy in HIV-TB co-infected patients","volume":"38","author":"Whitelaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J"},{"key":"R9-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017214","article-title":"Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi","volume":"6","author":"Bonnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R10-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.09.26","article-title":"Light-emitting diode technologies for TB diagnosis: what is on the market?","volume":"6","author":"Minion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med. Devices"},{"key":"R11-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015206","article-title":"Performance of three led-based fluorescence microscopy systems for detection of tuberculosis in Uganda","volume":"5","author":"Albert","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061727","article-title":"Implementation of LED fluorescence microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary and HIV associated tuberculosis in a hospital setting in Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"Chaidir","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R15-5-20260907","first-page":"550","article-title":"HIV-TB co-infection: epidemiology, diagnosis & management","volume":"121","author":"Sharma","year":"April 2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res"},{"key":"R16-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0184","article-title":"Multicentre evaluation of Ziehl-Neelsen and lightemitting diode fluorescence microscopy in China","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R17-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0229","article-title":"Evaluation of light emitting diode-based fluorescence microscopy for the detection of mycobacteria in a tuberculosis-endemic region","volume":"15","author":"Shenai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R18-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001057","article-title":"LED fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a multicountry cross-sectional evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Cuevas","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R19-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00138-X","article-title":"Evaluation of sputum decontamination methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using viable colony counts and flow cytometry","volume":"47","author":"Burdz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R21-5-20260907","first-page":"255","article-title":"Demonstration of tuberculosis bacilli by fluorescence microscopy","volume":"44","author":"Richards","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Tuberc"},{"key":"R22-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072556","article-title":"Operational implementation of LED fluorescence microscopy in screening tuberculosis suspects in an urban hiv clinic in Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Albert","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R23-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.93.2408.190.a","article-title":"The staining of acid-fast tubercle bacteria","volume":"93","author":"Richards","year":"1941","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R24-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1086\/589248","article-title":"Use of light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy to detect acid-fast bacilli in sputum","volume":"47","author":"Marais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R25-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017214","article-title":"Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi","volume":"6","author":"Bonnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R26-5-20260907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00507-11","article-title":"Fading of auraminestained mycobacterial smears and implications for external quality assurance","volume":"49","author":"Minion","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553115000473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553115000473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201504010-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1788796883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201504010-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}