{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:29:23Z","timestamp":1790004563725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the absence of an effective diagnostic tool for leprosy, cases with negative bacteriological index and limited clinical manifestations often pose diagnostic challenges. In this study, we investigated the utility of a novel\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>\n                      specific 112-bp DNA sequence in the promoter region of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">probable 4-alpha-glucanotransferase<\/jats:italic>\n                      (pseudogene,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnosis of leprosy in comparison to that of the RLEP gene. DNA was extracted from slit skin scrapings of 180 newly diagnosed untreated leprosy cases that were classified as per Ridley Jopling classifications and bacteriological index (BI). Primers were designed using Primer Blast 3.0 and PCR was performed with annealing temperatures of 61\u00b0C for ML1545 and 58\u00b0C for the RLEP gene using conventional gradient PCR. The results indicated a significant increase in PCR positivity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      when compared to RLEP across the study groups (164\/180 [91.11%] were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      whereas 114\/180 (63.33%) were positive for RLEP [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6.3]). Among 58 leprosy cases with negative BI, 28 (48.28%) were positive for RLEP and 48 (82.76%) were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0001,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.8). Of the 42 borderline tuberculoid leprosy cases, 23 (54.76%) were positive for RLEP whereas 37 (88.09%) were positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.9). Increase in PCR positivity for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also noted in lepromatous leprosy and BI-positive groups.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ML1545<\/jats:italic>\n                      can be a potential gene target for PCR-based diagnosis of leprosy especially in cases where clinical manifestations were minimal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T19:18:04Z","timestamp":1455650284000},"page":"135-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mycobacterium leprae specific genomic target in the promoter region of probable 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (ML1545) gene with potential sensitivity for polymerase chain reaction based diagnosis of leprosy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"V. Sundeep","family":"Chaitanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusmita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Eisenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Amoako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Horo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mannam","family":"Ebenezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-4-20260904","first-page":"451","article-title":"Histological classification and the immunological spectrum of leprosy","volume":"51","author":"Ridley","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ"},{"key":"R4-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.13779","article-title":"Comparison of two systems of classification of leprosy based on number of skin lesions and number of body areas involved\u2014a clinicopathological concordance study","volume":"71","author":"Rao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol"},{"key":"R5-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000018","article-title":"A reminiscent review on leprosy","volume":"26","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-4-20260904","first-page":"461","article-title":"Role of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of early leprosy","volume":"65","author":"Job","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Lepr. Mycobact. Dis"},{"key":"R7-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2655","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002655","article-title":"PCR-based techniques for leprosy diagnosis: from the laboratory to the clinic","volume":"8","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"R8-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00637.x","article-title":"Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Mycobacterium leprae for the diagnosis of leprosy","volume":"36","author":"Bang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02250-05","article-title":"Evaluation of real-time and conventional PCR targeting complex 85 genes for detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in skin biopsy samples from patients diagnosed with leprosy","volume":"44","author":"Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R10-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-2-177","article-title":"PCR primers that can detect low levels of Mycobacterium leprae DNA","volume":"50","author":"Donoghue","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R11-4-20260904","first-page":"449","article-title":"Repetitive sequences in Mycobacterium leprae and their impact on genome plasticity","volume":"72","author":"Cole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lepr. Rev"},{"key":"R12-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00512-09","article-title":"Molecular determination of Mycobacterium leprae viability by use of realtime PCR","volume":"47","author":"Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0758-5","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in skin lesions of leprosy patients by PCR may be affected by amplicon size","volume":"299","author":"Goulart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res"},{"key":"R14-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0659","article-title":"Application of RLEP real-time PCR for detection of M. leprae DNA in paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens for diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy","volume":"90","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg"},{"key":"R15-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.58732","article-title":"Extraction and detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA from ZNCF-stained skin smear slides for better identification of negative skin smears","volume":"28","author":"Jadhav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R16-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12365","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism-based molecular typing of M. leprae from multicase families of leprosy patients and their surroundings to understand the transmission of leprosy","volume":"20","author":"Turankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"R17-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-014-0354-1","article-title":"A report of rifampinresistant leprosy from northern and eastern India: identification and in silico analysis of molecular interactions","volume":"204","author":"Vedithi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol"},{"key":"R18-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000500009","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts","volume":"99","author":"de Almeida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"R19-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2012007500011","article-title":"Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium leprae in urine","volume":"45","author":"Caleffi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res"},{"key":"R20-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1081-5","article-title":"Criteria for diagnosis of pure neural leprosy","volume":"250","author":"Jardim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurol"},{"key":"R21-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-39-4-298","article-title":"Use of PCRmediated amplification of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in different types of clinical samples for the diagnosis of leprosy","volume":"39","author":"Santos","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R22-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000099375","article-title":"Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in ocular tissues by histopathology and real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"39","author":"Shamsi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R23-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.5.906-910.1991","article-title":"Application of a polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae in skin tissues","volume":"29","author":"de Wit","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.4.895-899.1993","article-title":"Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction amplification of Mycobacterium leprae-specific repetitive sequence in biopsy specimens from leprosy patients","volume":"31","author":"Yoon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R25-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2014.11.062","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of PCR amplification of RLEP, 16S rRNA, rpoT and Sod A gene targets for detection of M. leprae DNA from clinical and environmental samples","volume":"4","author":"Turankar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"R26-4-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001354","article-title":"Evaluation of qPCR-based assays for leprosy diagnosis directly in clinical specimens","volume":"5","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116000030?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116000030?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605020-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:01:17Z","timestamp":1788541277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605020-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}}}