{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:19:22Z","timestamp":1788542362732,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculous pleurisy is a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, paucibacillary nature of the effusion together with the inefficiency of conventional laboratory methods motivating the evaluation of variable diagnostic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using thoracoscopy, the pleural cavity of 50 patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion were fully examined and biopsy specimens of affected parietal pleura were taken under direct vision. Pleural fluid and biopsy specimen were subjected to microscopic examination (direct and after cytocentrifugation), culture, PCR, and histopathological examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pleural biopsy specimens proved to have a higher detection rate of tubercle bacilli than pleural fluid. Also, cytocentrifugation improved the sensitivity of microscopic detection for both pleural fluid and biopsy specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of microbiological results and histopathology examination of the pleural biopsy specimens is essential for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, as microbiological examination of pleural biopsy specimens has proved to have a higher detection rate than pleural fluid examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T10:30:27Z","timestamp":1469097027000},"page":"437-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evaluation of different laboratory methods for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy*"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Safaa","family":"Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza","family":"El Hefnawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nashwa Abdel","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadir","family":"Okasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-05","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis: current insights","volume":"19","author":"Mathema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"R3-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-009-9165-3","article-title":"Tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"187","author":"Porcel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"R4-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(26)01424-2","article-title":"The outcome of patients with pleural effusion of indeterminate cause at thoracotomy","volume":"56","author":"Ryan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc"},{"key":"R5-11-20260904","first-page":"588","article-title":"Thoracoscopy in malignant pleural effusions","volume":"124","author":"Boutin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis"},{"key":"R7-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01723.x","article-title":"Update on tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"14","author":"Light","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R9-11-20260904","first-page":"217","article-title":"Medical thoracoscopy: a useful diagnostic tool for undiagnosed pleural effusion","volume":"56","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci"},{"key":"R11-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3564-3568.1999","article-title":"Comparison of direct and concentrated acid-fast smears to identify specimens culture positive for Mycobacterium spp","volume":"37","author":"Peterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(92)90130-C","article-title":"A comparative study of the polymerase chain reaction and conventional procedures for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"73","author":"De Wit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tuber. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R14-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.5.977","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a repetitive DNA sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"161","author":"Eisenach","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R15-11-20260904","first-page":"336","article-title":"Thoracoscopy in tuberculous pleurisy","volume":"23","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Bronchol"},{"key":"R16-11-20260904","first-page":"245","article-title":"Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy for tuberculous pleurisy under local anesthesia","volume":"12","author":"Sakuraba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg"},{"key":"R17-11-20260904","first-page":"96","article-title":"A review of sex differences in the epidemiology of tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Holmes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R18-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.02.023","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified","volume":"58","author":"Cailhol","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol"},{"key":"R19-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0892","article-title":"Can tuberculous pleural effusions be diagnosed by pleural fluid analysis alone?","volume":"17","author":"Sahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R20-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.02.025","article-title":"Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion using clinical data and pleural fluid analysis. A study of patients less than 40 years-old in an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis","volume":"104","author":"Vald\u00e9 s","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Med"},{"key":"R21-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijge.2012.01.029","article-title":"Tuberculous pleural effusion in elderly","volume":"6","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Gerontol"},{"key":"R22-11-20260904","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase estimation and multiplex polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis"},{"key":"R23-11-20260904","first-page":"2456","article-title":"Evaluation of nested PCR for rapid diagnosis of clinically suspected tuberculous pleurisy","volume":"17","author":"Gill","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res"},{"key":"R24-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2011.v5.4.159","article-title":"The advantage of using IS6110-PCR vs. BACTEC culture for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural fluid in northern India","volume":"5","author":"Maurya","year":"2011","journal-title":"BioSci. Trends"},{"key":"R25-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-291","article-title":"Comparison of direct versus concentrated smear microscopy in detection of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Uddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"R26-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.71941","article-title":"Role of pleural biopsy in etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion","volume":"27","author":"Pandit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"R27-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-0326-COPCRW","article-title":"Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with histopathologic features for diagnosis of tuberculosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic specimens","volume":"127","author":"Park","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med"},{"key":"R28-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A176","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.374","article-title":"Pleural TB: a common cause of pleural effusion in south London","volume":"68","author":"Pickering","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R29-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.6.2105","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction of pleural biopsy is a rapid and sensitive method for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"124","author":"Hasaneen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R30-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70602-8","article-title":"Sputum processing methods to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Steigart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R31-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.9.2371-2374.1993","article-title":"Evaluation of sputum smears concentrated by cytocentrifugation for detection of acid-fast","volume":"31","author":"Saceanu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R32-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.18.2017","article-title":"Tuberculous pleurisy: a study of 254 patients","volume":"158","author":"Vald\u00e9 s","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med"},{"key":"R33-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2014.04.002","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy in cases of undiagnosed pleural effusion in Kobri El-Kobba Military Hospital","volume":"63","author":"Helala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egypt J. Chest. Dis. Tuberc"},{"key":"R34-11-20260904","first-page":"669","article-title":"Application of flexirigid thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural disease with unknown etiology","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nan. Fang. Yi. Ke. Da. Xue. Xue. Bao"},{"key":"R35-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201363","article-title":"Revisiting tuberculous pleurisy: pleural fluid characteristics and diagnostic yield of mycobacterial culture in an endemic area","volume":"67","author":"Ruan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R36-11-20260904","first-page":"121","article-title":"Tissue PCR diagnosis of patients suspicious for tuberculous pleurisy","volume":"12","author":"Amini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran J. Basic. Med. Sci"},{"key":"R37-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2003.18.2.89","article-title":"Detection of mycobacterial DNA using nested polymerase chain reaction of pleural biopsy specimens: compared to pathological findings","volume":"18","author":"Yum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med"},{"key":"R38-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.1991.6.2.58","article-title":"Etiologic considerations of nonspecific pleuritis","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med"},{"key":"R39-11-20260904","first-page":"343","article-title":"Prognosis of nonspecific pleuritis diagnosed by cope needle biopsy","volume":"48","author":"Oshita","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Chest. Dis"},{"key":"R40-11-20260904","first-page":"R101","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial disease","volume":"2","author":"Jenkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Rev"},{"key":"R41-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160208800313","article-title":"Reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in malignancy","volume":"88","author":"Karnek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"R42-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199701000-00006","article-title":"Tuberculosis in cancer patients: an update","volume":"12","author":"Libshitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"R43-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-5-22","article-title":"Lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis","volume":"55","author":"Cicenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol"},{"key":"R44-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.53","article-title":"PCR for M. Tuberculosis in tissue samples","volume":"3","author":"Chawla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"R45-11-20260904","first-page":"51","article-title":"Cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural tissue and its histopathology in suspected cases of tuberculous pleural effusion","volume":"40","author":"Katiyar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol"},{"key":"R46-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10040942","article-title":"Pleural tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Ferrer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J"},{"key":"R47-11-20260904","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-279","article-title":"Evaluation of real time PCR of patient pleural effusion for diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"4","author":"Rosso","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/2212-5531.201881","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000}}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116300528?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116300528?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605040-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:01:06Z","timestamp":1788541266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605040-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}