{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:13:51Z","timestamp":1789074831302,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\/background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths among adults in countries with resource limitations. The emergence of the Xpert MTB\/RIF rapid molecular assay and its subsequent World Health Organization endorsement in 2010 transformed the TB-diagnostic landscape. Xpert provided diagnostic accuracy that was far superior to that of the sputum-smear microscopy test previously used. The detection of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen in urine has emerged as a potential point-of-care test for TB. LAM antigen is a lipopolysaccharide present in mycobacterial cell walls which is released from metabolically active or degenerating bacterial cells and appears to be present only in people with active TB. Urine-based testing has advantages over sputum-based testing because urine is easy to collect and store and lacks the infection control risks associated with sputum collection. A previously study reported that urinary-LAM testing is a rapid, low-cost, ante-mortem diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated TB. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of LAM in HIV patients referred to the Mashih Daneshvari Hospital Tehran, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urine from 31 HIV patients without TB, 33 HIV patients with pulmonary TB, and eight HIV patients with extrapulmonary TB was analyzed for LAM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Mybiosource, San Diego, CA, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The plasma levels of LAM in pulmonary TB\/HIV patients was 7.67 \u00b1 2.3 ng\/ml compared with 4.5 \u00b1 1.6 ng\/ml in extrapulmonary TB\/HIV and 6.7 \u00b1 1.2 ng\/ml in HIV patients without TB. There was no significant difference in urine LAM levels between the three groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results highlight the limitations of using urine LAM levels for differentiating HIV-associated TB patients in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T14:45:18Z","timestamp":1479825918000},"page":"S186-S187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigation of urine lipoarabinomannan in human immunodeficiency virus patients with or without coinfection with Tuberculosis in Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Payam","family":"Tabarsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Marjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Moniri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parissa","family":"Farnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi Kazempour","family":"Dizaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Garssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Mortaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["The International Journal of Mycobacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116302187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212553116302187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605001-00113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:00:40Z","timestamp":1789074040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01929415-201605001-00113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-5531","2212-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-5531","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}}}