{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:54:48Z","timestamp":1788537288926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:40:40Z","timestamp":1727419240000},"page":"100247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Frailty as a mediator of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing orthopedic surgery: A causal mediation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Inthira","family":"Roopsawang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5232-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suparb","family":"Aree-Ue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilaire","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawin","family":"Numthavaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00202-3","article-title":"Pain and frailty in hospitalized older adults","volume":"9","author":"Ardoino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02101-4","article-title":"Frailty status as a potential factor in increased postoperative opioid use in older adults","volume":"21","author":"Auckley","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101755","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging","volume":"74","author":"Baechle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"93","author":"Bramley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.736688","article-title":"Chronic pain in the elderly: mechanisms and perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Dagnino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa314","article-title":"Preoperative acute pain is associated with postoperative delirium","volume":"22","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01961-5","article-title":"Association of preoperative frailty with postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic trauma patients","volume":"34","author":"Esmaeeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-020-00761-2","article-title":"Chronic post-surgical pain in the frail older adult","volume":"37","author":"Esses","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100247","article-title":"Preoperative frailty and its association with postsurgical pain in an older patient cohort","author":"Esses","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069231178176","article-title":"Inflammation in pathogenesis of chronic pain: foe and friend","volume":"19","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01828-9","article-title":"Association between frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis of cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clinic. Experim. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-01651-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthopaedic Surg. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005609","article-title":"The association of preoperative frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Gracie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz174","article-title":"Linking persistent pain and frailty in older adults","volume":"21","author":"Guerriero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0015","series-title":"Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Classroom Companion: Business","article-title":"An introduction to structural equation modeling","author":"Hair","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2009.00367.x","article-title":"The assessment of frailty in older people in acute care","volume":"28","author":"Hilmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Austr. J Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12536","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in older patients: a systematic review of assessment and incidence of postoperative Delirium","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid. Based Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1449-8","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"Iamaroon","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2019.04.006","article-title":"Geriatric physiology and the frailty syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S97228","article-title":"Development and validation of the Thai version of the 4 'A's Test for delirium screening in hospitalized elderly patients with acute medical illnesses","volume":"12","author":"Kuladee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004773","article-title":"Frailty Is associated with postoperative delirium but not with postoperative cognitive decline in older noncardiac surgery patients","volume":"130","author":"Mahanna-Gabrielli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rkad104","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkad104","article-title":"Pre-existing musculoskeletal pain and its association with mortality in newly diagnosed co-morbid conditions: an electronic health record cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Marshall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Adv. Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110684","article-title":"PRe-operative prediction of postoperative DElirium by appropriate SCreening (PROPDESC) development and validation of a pragmatic POD risk screening score based on routine preoperative data","volume":"78","author":"Menzenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S349232","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline on management of postoperative delirium in older people for low resource setting: systematic review article","volume":"15","author":"Mossie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.04.033","article-title":"Preoperative inflammatory mediators and postoperative delirium: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Noah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00073.1","article-title":"Postoperative delirium","volume":"72","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2018.03.012","article-title":"Postoperative delirium","volume":"47","author":"Rengel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Presse Medicale"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02127-1","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative delirium in the knee and hip replacement patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15512","article-title":"Predicting hospital outcomes with the reported edmonton frail scale-Thai version in orthopaedic older patients","volume":"29","author":"Roopsawang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12713","article-title":"The Reported Edmonton Frail Scale-Thai version: development and validation of a culturally-sensitive instrument","volume":"22","author":"Roopsawang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs. Health Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.297","article-title":"Etiology and related factors of postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12318","article-title":"Development of the Thai version of Mini-Cog, a brief cognitive screening test","volume":"15","author":"Trongsakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32420","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2420","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fractures by a risk stratification index model: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0986-2","article-title":"Identifying older adults at risk of harm following elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Watt","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5408","article-title":"The risk factors for postoperative delirium in adult patients after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02022-7","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2022.02.006","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective nationwide inpatient sample database study","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01674-1","article-title":"Incidence and associated factors of delirium after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04825-1","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X24000742?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X24000742?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T02:06:23Z","timestamp":1737425183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666142X24000742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2666142X24000742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-142X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-142X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Frailty as a mediator of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing orthopedic surgery: A causal mediation analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100247","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100247"}}