{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:57:05Z","timestamp":1793170625020,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006522","name":"Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F 2541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F 2541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T12:16:54Z","timestamp":1745842614000},"page":"100336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Organizational interventions and strategies for COVID-19 pandemic management in acute care setting: A qualitative interview study with nurse leaders in German hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Zink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Wendsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffi G.","family":"Riedel-Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlen","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzuod, M., Alqhaiwi, L.A., 2022. The role of strategic flexibility in enhancing crisis management in the commercial banking sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.","DOI":"10.22495\/cgobrv6i2p10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0002","unstructured":"American Hospital Association, 2022. Data brief: workforce issues remain at the forefront of pandemic-related challenges for hospitals. https:\/\/www.aha.org\/issue-brief\/2022-01-25-data-brief-workforce-issues-remain-forefront-pandemic-related-challenges (accessed 7 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0003","unstructured":"American Nurses Association, 2024. Nurse staffing. https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/practice-policy\/nurse-staffing\/nurse-staffing-crisis\/ (crisisaccessed 7 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.22610\/imbr.v13i1(I).3145","article-title":"Strategic agility and the global pandemic: the agile organizational structure, a theoretical review","volume":"13","author":"Arokodare","year":"2021","journal-title":"IMBR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0005","unstructured":"Auffenberg, J., Becka, D., Evans, M., Kokott, N., Schleicher, S., Braun, E., 2022. \u201eIch pflege wieder, wenn \u2026\u201c: potenzialanalyse zur Berufsr\u00fcckkehr und Arbeitszeitaufstockung von pflegefachkr\u00e4ften [\u2018I'll nurse again if \u2026\u2019: potential analysis for returning to work and increasing the working hours of nursing staff]. Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen, Institut Arbeit und Technick Gelsenkirchen, Arbeitskammer des Saarlandes, Bremen. https:\/\/www.vdpb-bayern.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/220525-VdPB-Runder-Tisch-Praesentation-ANK.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0006","series-title":"Modernes Krankenhausmanagement: Konzepte und L\u00f6sungen [Modern Hospital Management]","first-page":"235","article-title":"Vorbereitung auf die n\u00e4chste pandemie [Preparing for the next pandemic]","author":"Behar","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0007","article-title":"Selecting a theoretical framework to guide research on the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on nursing care delivery and the critical care work system (using Reed's intermodern approach to theory critique)","volume":"63","author":"Bethel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Nurs. Res. ANR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0008","series-title":"Pers\u00f6nliche Schutzausr\u00fcstungen und Corona-Tests im Krankenhaus [Personal Protective Equipment And Corona Tests in Hospitals]","author":"Blum","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6210.00318","article-title":"Public leadership in times of crisis: mission impossible?","volume":"63","author":"Boin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Adm. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8500.2010.00694.x","article-title":"Organising for effective emergency management: lessons from research 1","volume":"69","author":"Boin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. J. Public Adm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0011","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Bev\u00f6lkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe, 2024. KRITIS-sektor: gesundheit [Critical infrastructure sector: health]. https:\/\/www.bbk.bund.de\/DE\/Themen\/Kritische-Infrastrukturen\/Sektoren-Branchen\/Gesundheit\/gesundheit.html?nn=20098#vt-sprg-6 (accessed 19 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0012","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Soziale Sicherung, 2023. Zahlungen aufgrund der COVID 19-Pandemie [Payments due to the COVID 19 pandemic]. https:\/\/www.bundesamtsozialesicherung.de\/de\/themen\/covid-19-krankenhausentlastungsgesetz\/ueberblick\/(accessed 19 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0013","unstructured":"Bundes\u00e4rztekammer, 2021. 124. Deutscher \u00c4rztetag - \u00c4rzteparlament fordert Nachbesserung beim pandemiemanagement [German medical assembly - doctors' parliament calls for improvements to pandemic management]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0014","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, 2021. Hinweise zur mutterschutzrechtlichen bewertung von gef\u00e4hrdungen durch SARS-CoV-2 [Notes on the assessment of risks from SARS-CoV-2 under maternity protection law]. https:\/\/www.bafza.de\/fileadmin\/Programme_und_Foerderungen\/Unterstuetzung_von_Gremien\/Ausschuss-fuer-Mutterschutz\/Informationapapier_Mutterschutz_und_SARS-CoV_2.pdf (accessed 19 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0015","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit, 2024. Gesetz zur \u00e4nderung des infektionsschutzgesetzes und weiterer Gesetze anl\u00e4sslich der aufhebung der feststellung der epidemischen Lage von nationaler Tragweite [Act amending the infection protection act and other laws on the occasion of the lifting of the declaration of the epidemic situation of national importance]. https:\/\/www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de\/ministerium\/gesetze-und-verordnungen\/guv-20-lp\/ifsg-aend (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0016","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Justiz, 2021. Gesetz zur verh\u00fctung und bek\u00e4mpfung von infektionskrankheiten beim Menschen [Act on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in humans]. https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/ifsg\/(accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0017","unstructured":"Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr politische Bildung, 2021. Krankenh\u00e4user in Deutschland: strukturen - probleme - reformen [Hospitals in Germany - structures, problems, reforms]. https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/shop\/zeitschriften\/apuz\/krankenhaus-2021\/336991\/krankenhaeuser-in-deutschland\/(accessed 19 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0018","unstructured":"Bund-L\u00e4nder Demographie Portal, 2024. Altersstruktur der bev\u00f6lkerung in Sachsen [Age structure of the population in Saxony]. https:\/\/www.demografie-portal.de\/DE\/Fakten\/bevoelkerung-altersstruktur-sachsen.html (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0019","first-page":"143","article-title":"Comunicaci\u00f3n interna, bienestar y felicidad organizacional en instituciones hospitalarias espa\u00f1olas durante la crisis de la COVID-19 \/internal communication, wellbeing and happiness at work in Spanish hospital institutions during the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"12","author":"Castro-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Int. de RRPP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0020","unstructured":"Corona-in-Zahlen.de, 2024a. Corona-Zahlen f\u00fcr Bundesl\u00e4nder in Deutschland [Corona figures for federal states in Germany]. https:\/\/www.corona-in-zahlen.de\/bundeslaender\/(accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0021","unstructured":"Corona-in-Zahlen.de, 2024b Corona-Zahlen f\u00fcr Sachsen [Corona figures for Saxony]. https:\/\/www.corona-in-zahlen.de\/bundeslaender\/sachsen\/(accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0022","article-title":"Lessons learned from field experiences on hospitals' resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic approach","volume":"9","author":"Dagenais","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Syst. Reform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0023","unstructured":"Destatis, 2022. Zahl der besch\u00e4ftigten im Pflegedienst in Kliniken binnen zehn jahren um 18 % gestiegen [Number of nursing staff employed in hospitals has risen by 18% in ten years]. https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Presse\/Pressemitteilungen\/2022\/05\/PD22_N026_2313.html (accessed 6 March 2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0024","unstructured":"Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft, 2023. Stellungnahme der Deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft zum referentenentwurf eines gesetzes zur umsetzung der CER-Richtlinie und zur st\u00e4rkung der Resilienz kritischer Anlagen (KRITIS-Dachgesetz \u2013 KRITIS-DachG) [Statement of the German hospital federation on the draft bill for a law to implement the CER Directive and to strengthen the resilience of critical facilities (KRITIS-Dachgesetz - KRITIS-DachG)]. https:\/\/www.dkgev.de\/fileadmin\/default\/Mediapool\/1_DKG\/1.3_Politik\/Stellungnahmen\/2023-08-24_DKG-Stellungnahme_RefE_KRITIS-DachG.pdf (accessed 14 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0025","unstructured":"Deutscher Bundestag, 2013. Unterrichtung durch die bundesregierung, bericht zur risikoanalyse im bev\u00f6lkerungsschutz 2012, Drucksache 17\/12051 vom 03.01.2013 [Briefing by the federal government, report on risk analysis in civil protection 2012]. https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/17\/120\/1712051.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0026","unstructured":"Deutscher Bundestag, 2019. Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung Bericht zur risikoanalyse im bev\u00f6lkerungsschutz 2017 [Briefing by the federal government report on risk analysis in civil protection 2017]. https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/19\/095\/1909520.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0027","unstructured":"Die Bundesregierung, 2023. Infection protection act - expiration of COVID-19 protection measures. https:\/\/www.bundesregierung.de\/breg-en\/news\/end-of-covid-19-measures-2183636 (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-02-2021-0279","article-title":"Disruptive crisis management: lessons from managing a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"60","author":"Donelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"MD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-021-00775-7","article-title":"Isolationsma\u00dfnahmen, diagnostik und organisation in deutschen notaufnahmen w\u00e4hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020 [Isolation precautions, diagnostics and organization in German emergency departments during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic]","volume":"117","author":"Finke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Klin. Intensivmed. Notfmed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4236\/ojn.2021.115024","article-title":"Nurse leaders\u2019 challenges fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study","volume":"11","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"OJN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015205","article-title":"Action errors, error management, and learning in organizations","volume":"66","author":"Frese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0032","series-title":"Krisenmanagement f\u00fcr Gesundheitseinrichtungen: Vorbeugung und Stabilit\u00e4t im Umgang mit Risiken und Krisen [Crisis Management For Healthcare Facilities]","first-page":"309","author":"Frodl","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/23288604.2023.2173551","article-title":"Hospital governance during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multiple-country case study","author":"Gautier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Syst. Reform. 9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6418267","article-title":"Resilience capability and capacity in unexpected crises: experiences and lessons learned in a healthcare organisation during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"2023","author":"Gillberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04686-z","article-title":"What do healthcare workers need? A qualitative study on support strategies to protect mental health of healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"23","author":"Halms","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev334","article-title":"Qualitative research methods: when to use them and how to judge them","volume":"31","author":"Hammarberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/HMR.0000000000000377","article-title":"Centralization and democratization: managing crisis communication in health care delivery","volume":"48","author":"Hayirli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Care Manage Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0038","series-title":"Schwerpunkt Personal [Focus on Personnel]","first-page":"305","article-title":"Auswirkungen der COVID-19-pandemie im krankenhaus: fallzahlentwicklung und Charakteristika der COVID-19-Patienten [Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals: development of case numbers and characteristics of COVID-19 patients]","author":"Hentschker","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2018.03.001","article-title":"A simulation framework for crisis management: design and use","volume":"85","author":"Hetu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.838643","article-title":"SEIPS 2.0: a human factors framework for studying and improving the work of healthcare professionals and patients","volume":"56","author":"Holden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-00972-5","article-title":"Management of the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, practices, and organizational support","volume":"21","author":"Hossny","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0042","unstructured":"Impfdashboard, 2023. \u00dcbersicht zum impfstatus: COVID-19-impfung in Deutschland bis zum 8. April 2023 [Overview of vaccination status. COVID-19 vaccination in Germany until April 8, 2023.]. https:\/\/impfdashboard.de\/(accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0043","unstructured":"IPBES, 2020. Workshop report on biodiversity and pandemics of the intergovernmental platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2138","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.2138","article-title":"Crisis management competencies needed in a hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of nurse leaders","volume":"11","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4ski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281893","article-title":"Satisfaction with pandemic management and compliance with public health measures: evidence from a German household survey on the COVID-19 crisis","volume":"18","author":"Jaschke","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0046","series-title":"Patientenversorgung W\u00e4hrend Der Pandemie [Patient Care During The Pandemic]","first-page":"63","article-title":"Station\u00e4re behandlung der Covid-19-patienten in den ersten drei pandemiewellen in Deutschland: was hat sich ver\u00e4ndert? [Inpatient treatment of Covid-19 patients in the first three waves of the pandemic in Germany: what has changed?]","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2022"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0047","first-page":"A","article-title":"Intensivpflege: drohende personalausf\u00e4lle [Intensive care: impending staff shortages]","volume":"117","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deutsch. \u00c4rztebl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0048","series-title":"To Err is Human: Building A Safer Health System","first-page":"287","author":"Kohn","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0049","article-title":"Management of hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learnt from five European countries","volume":"4","author":"Kraus","year":"2025","journal-title":"SSM - Health Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0050","series-title":"Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterst\u00fctzung: Grundlagentexte Methoden [Qualitative Content Analysis. Methods, Practice, Computer Support: Basic Texts Methods]","first-page":"1274","author":"Kuckartz","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1694","article-title":"Nursing managers' experiences of facing the COVID-19 pandemic in their work: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Lepp\u00e4koski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/leader-2020-000245","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic: resilient organisational response to a low-chance, high-impact event","volume":"4","author":"Lloyd-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Lead."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0053","series-title":"Qualitative Forschung: Ein Handbuch [Qualitative Research - A Handbook]","first-page":"286","article-title":"Auswahlverfahren, sampling, fallkonstruktion [Selection procedure, sampling, case construction]","author":"Merkens","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0054","series-title":"Risikomanagement und Fehlervermeidung im Krankenhaus [Risk Management And Error Prevention in Hospitals]","first-page":"201","author":"Merkle","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/NAQ.0000000000000453","article-title":"Nurse leader competencies: today and tomorrow","volume":"45","author":"Morse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs. Adm. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0056","series-title":"Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory And Practice","first-page":"806","author":"Patton","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-021-00546-x","article-title":"Exploring nursing managers' perceptions of nursing workforce management during the outbreak of COVID-19: a content analysis study","volume":"20","author":"Poortaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12346","article-title":"Organisational interventions to improve employees' health and wellbeing: a realist synthesis","volume":"71","author":"Roodbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03787-4","article-title":"Challenges, strategies and consequences from the perspective of German nursing home managers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic - a qualitative interview study","volume":"23","author":"Sander","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0060","series-title":"Arbeitswissenschaft [Ergonomics]","first-page":"433","article-title":"Betriebs- und arbeitsorganisation [Company and work organization]","author":"Schlick","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1260079","article-title":"What helps hospital staff in times of crisis: qualitative results of a survey on psychosocial resources and stressors in German hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt-Stiedenroth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0062","series-title":"Patientensicherheit: Gemeinsames Handeln als Herausforderung [Patient Safety - Joint Action As A Challenge]","first-page":"111","article-title":"Patientensicherheit im Krankenhaus \u2013 strategien f\u00fcr ein gutes ergebnis am beispiel der Corona-Pandemie [Patient safety in hospitals - strategies for a good outcome using the example of the coronavirus pandemic]","author":"Schmola","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0063","series-title":"Die Triple Krise: Artensterben, Klimawandel, Pandemien: Warum Wir Dringend Handeln M\u00fcssen [The Triple Crisis: Species Extinction, Climate Change, Pandemics: Why We Need to Act Urgently]","first-page":"319","author":"Settele","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0064","unstructured":"Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Soziales und Gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt, 2024. Krankenhausplan des Freistaates Sachsen [Hospital plan of the free state of saxony]. https:\/\/www.gesunde.sachsen.de\/download\/SMS_Saechsischer_Krankenhausplan_2024_Teil_I.pdf (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0065","unstructured":"Stab, N., Hacker, W., 2016. Stationsorganisation im krankenhaus: entwicklung und erprobung eines kriteriengeleiteten bewertungs- und gestaltungsverfahrens: forschung projekt F 2253. BAUA-Bericht [Ward organisation in hospitals: development and testing of a criteria-based evaluation and design procedure: research Project F 2253]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/rhc3.12178","article-title":"Resilience in crisis management at the municipal level: the synne storm in Norway","volume":"11","author":"Steen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Risk Hazard Crisis Pub. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0067","unstructured":"Techniker Krankenkasse, 2024. Zum tag der pflegenden: krankenstand auf neuem h\u00f6chstwert [Nurses' day: sickness rate at new high]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1108\/IJHCQA-04-2014-0044","article-title":"Agile, a guiding principle for health care improvement?","volume":"28","author":"Tolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Care Qual. Assur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0069","unstructured":"Tolksdorf, K., Loenenbach, A., Buda, S., 2022. Dritte aktualisierung der \u201eRetrospektiven phaseneinteilung der COVID-19-pandemie in Deutschland\u201c [Third update of the \"Retrospective phasing of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany\"]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0071","series-title":"Krisenmanagement in Unternehmen und \u00d6ffentlichen Einrichtungen [Crisis Management in Companies and Public Institutions]","first-page":"655","author":"Trauboth","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08486-1","article-title":"The other side of the crisis: organizational flexibility in balancing Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 health-care services","volume":"22","author":"Troisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0073","article-title":"Pandemic resilience in Dutch hospitals: flexibility that counts in a crisis","author":"van Heel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evol. Sch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0074","unstructured":"Verband der Ersatzkassen e.V., 2024. Krankenh\u00e4user - Sachsen [Hospitals - Saxony]. https:\/\/www.vdek.com\/LVen\/SAC\/Vertragspartner\/Krankenhaus.html&ved=2ahUKEwjvu8y0n4GIAxUTRPEDHa1lKcUQFnoECBcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0X7JpVIR_syR-SBV-bCqWi (accessed 19 August 2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpos.2021.654069","article-title":"Political performances of control during COVID-19: controlling and contesting democracy in Germany","volume":"3","author":"Volk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Polit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-021-01120-y","article-title":"Die parallele Pandemie?: Ma\u00dfnahmen zur verbesserung der arbeits- und beanspruchungssituation bei personal in der krankenversorgung [Is this the parallel pandemic?: Measures to improve working conditions and stress levels among health care personnel]","volume":"62","author":"Weigl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0077","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2020. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0078","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2021. Listings of WHO\u2019s response to COVID-19."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0079","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2022. Ticking timebomb: without immediate action, health and care workforce gaps in the European Region could spell disaster."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0080","series-title":"WHO COVID-19 Dashboard","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0081","series-title":"Partizipative Qualit\u00e4tsentwicklung in der Gesundheitsf\u00f6rderung und Pr\u00e4vention [Participatory Quality Development in Health Promotion and Prevention]","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/09514848221100752","article-title":"COVID-19 management at one of the largest hospitals in Germany: concept, evaluation and adaptation","volume":"36","author":"Zhelyazkova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv. Manage Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02358-1","article-title":"Managing the work stress of inpatient nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of organizational interventions","volume":"23","author":"Zink","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s40664-023-00524-x","volume":"74","author":"Zink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zbl. Arbeitsmed."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100363","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100363","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000}}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X25000451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X25000451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1754745855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666142X25000451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S2666142X25000451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100363","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2666-142X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-142X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Organizational interventions and strategies for COVID-19 pandemic management in acute care setting: A qualitative interview study with nurse leaders in German hospitals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2025.100336","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100336"}}