{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T04:27:27Z","timestamp":1793593647400,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018270","name":"Health Service Executive","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:34:44Z","timestamp":1791066884000},"page":"100700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hospital-associated decline: A concept analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6100-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Brolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Hartigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"McCullagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.12.006","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in acutely hospitalized older adults","volume":"22","author":"Aarden","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105052","article-title":"Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce functional decline in medical inpatients: an umbrella review","volume":"25","author":"Adsett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afab227","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab227","article-title":"Time to move again: from deconditioning to reconditioning","volume":"51","author":"Arora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.12.011","article-title":"Decision-tree early warning score (DTEWS) validates the design of the national early warning score (NEWS)","volume":"85","author":"Badriyah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2025.2584961","article-title":"Incorporating \u201cmoving more and sitting less\u201d into daily activities of hospitalised older medical patients: a stakeholder-directed systematic review with meta-analysis of complex interventions","volume":"48","author":"Baldwin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E57","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12458","article-title":"Predictors on admission of functional decline among older patients hospitalised for acute care: a prospective observational study","volume":"36","author":"Basic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas. J. Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00645-1","article-title":"Accuracy, feasibility and predictive ability of different frailty instruments in an acute geriatric setting","volume":"13","author":"Bielza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0008","series-title":"Systematic approaches to a successful literature review","author":"Booth","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.005","article-title":"Variability in measuring (instrumental) activities of daily living functioning and functional decline in hospitalized older medical patients: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Buurman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afad111","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad111","article-title":"\u2018Life is about movement\u2014everything that is alive moves\u2019: a mixed methods study to understand barriers and enablers to inpatient mobility from the older patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"52","author":"Byrnes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5687","article-title":"Hospital-associated deconditioning: not only physical, but also cognitive","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0012","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical, and functional characteristics of patients older than 75 years admitted to a tertiary hospital during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"59","author":"Chenhuichen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Geriatr. Gerontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.23.0124","article-title":"Frailty screening and detection of geriatric syndromes in acute inpatient care: impact on hospital length of stay and 30-day readmissions","volume":"27","author":"Chew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00497-1","article-title":"Developing a predictive model for hospital-associated disability among older patients hospitalized for an acute illness: the HAD-FREE Score","volume":"12","author":"Chou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1306-7","article-title":"The adverse effects of physical restraint use among older adult patients admitted to the internal medicine wards: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Chou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010011","article-title":"Malnutrition, functional decline, and institutionalization in older adults after hospital discharge following community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Clotet-Vidal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2026.103986","article-title":"How frailty and nursing complexity interact and prolong hospital stays in heart failure patients: a retrospective multicentric observational study","volume":"69","author":"Cocchieri","year":"2026","journal-title":"Geriatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0018","first-page":"253","article-title":"Predictive factors of functional decline at hospital discharge in elderly patients hospitalised due to acute illness","volume":"52","author":"Condorhuaman-Alvarado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Geriatr. Gerontol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e354","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00084-3","article-title":"Are we measuring what matters to older people?","volume":"4","author":"Conroy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51152.x","article-title":"Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age","volume":"51","author":"Covinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1556","article-title":"Hospitalization-associated disability: \u201cshe was probably able to ambulate, but I\u2019m not sure","volume":"306","author":"Covinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214002658","article-title":"Poor functional recovery after delirium is associated with other geriatric syndromes and additional illnesses","volume":"27","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14954","article-title":"Systematic review of interventions targeting fundamental care to reduce hospital-associated decline in older patients","volume":"77","author":"de Foubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022375910940","article-title":"A complex adaptive systems model of organization change","volume":"1","author":"Dooley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn. Psychol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0025","series-title":"Evaluation of the \u2018pilot implementation of the framework for safe nurse staffing and skill-mix\u2019, report 3a: pilot wards","author":"Drennan","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw096","article-title":"The severity of acute illness and functional trajectories in hospitalized older medical patients","volume":"72","author":"Fimognari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0027","series-title":"Nursing concept analysis: applications to research and practice","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.02.006","article-title":"Delirium mediates incidence of hospital-associated disability among older adults","volume":"24","author":"Freeman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx211","article-title":"Preadmission functional decline predicts functional improvement among older patients admitted to acute care hospital","volume":"73","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01280-3","article-title":"Revisiting the \u201ctimed up and go\u201d test: a 12-s cut-off can predict hospitalization associated functional decline in older adults","volume":"47","author":"Gatenio-Hefling","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afac007","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac007","article-title":"Patient-related risk factors for in-hospital functional decline in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Geyskens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16036","article-title":"Assessment tools and incidence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a rapid systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Giacomino","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0033","first-page":"397","article-title":"Assessment for incipient hospital-acquired deconditioning in acute hospital settings: a systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015555","article-title":"Risk model for decline in activities of daily living among older adults hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: the SILVER-AMI Study","volume":"9","author":"Hajduk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105975","article-title":"Multicomponent interventions for functional outcomes in hospitalized older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Hao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2007.00074.x","article-title":"A comparative review of the Katz ADL and the Barthel Index in assessing the activities of daily living of older people","volume":"2","author":"Hartigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Older People Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa103","article-title":"Changes in muscle strength and physical function in older patients during and after hospitalisation: a prospective repeated-measures cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Hartley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0038","series-title":"Delivering an age-friendly health system: a blueprint to transform health and healthcare for older adults","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.03035.x","article-title":"Identification of older hospitalised patients at risk for functional decline, a study to compare the predictive values of three screening instruments","volume":"19","author":"Hoogerduijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2023.100046","article-title":"Formulating research questions for evidence-based studies","volume":"2","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Surg. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111353","article-title":"Hospitalization-associated muscle weakness and functional outcomes among oldest old patients: A hospital-based cohort study","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.06.027","article-title":"Factors associated with step numbers in acutely hospitalized older adults: the hospital-activities of daily living study","volume":"22","author":"Kolk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1845-1","article-title":"Functional decline in COVID-19 older survivors compared to other pneumonia patients, a case control study","volume":"26","author":"Le Gentil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.015","article-title":"Prevalence of hospital-associated disability in older adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Loyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afaf134","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf134","article-title":"75 years after Marjory Warren, the \u2018know-do\u2019 gap around hospital-associated functional decline is as wide as ever","volume":"54","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Velilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afaf217","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaf217","article-title":"Day and night nurse staffing levels and hospital-associated disability in older adults in Japan: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Morioka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00722-5","article-title":"Dehydration and hospital-associated disability in acute hospitalized older adults","volume":"14","author":"Nagae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111698","article-title":"Muscle changes on muscle ultrasound and adverse outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults","volume":"102","author":"Nagae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-09-032","article-title":"Implementation of a frailty care bundle (FCB) targeting mobilisation, nutrition and cognitive engagement to reduce hospital associated decline in older orthopaedic trauma patients: pretest-posttest intervention study","volume":"9","author":"Naughton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12191997","article-title":"The nursing theory of complex adaptive systems: A new paradigm for nursing","volume":"12","author":"Notarnicola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"7313","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7313.625","article-title":"The challenge of complexity in healthcare","volume":"323","author":"Plsek","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0052","series-title":"Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice","author":"Polit","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2019.03.011","article-title":"Trajectories of cognitive-affective depressive symptoms in acutely hospitalized older adults: the hospital-ADL study","volume":"120","author":"Reichardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7126","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137126","article-title":"The role of frailty in predicting 3 and 6 months functional decline in hospitalized older adults: findings from a secondary analysis","volume":"18","author":"Tavares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.3612.3399","article-title":"Hospitalized older adult: predictors of functional decline","volume":"29","author":"Tavares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Lat.-Am. Enferm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0056","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme (2024) Human development report 2023\/24: Breaking the gridlock: reimagining cooperation in a polarized world, New York. Available at: https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/human-development-report-2023-24 (Accessed 15 June 2025)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa039","article-title":"Insight into the posthospital syndrome: a 3-month longitudinal follow up on geriatric syndromes and their association with functional decline, readmission, and mortality","volume":"75","author":"van Seben","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12318-3","article-title":"Factors involved in the development of hospital-acquired conditions in older patients in acute care settings: a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Verdon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0059","series-title":"Strategies for theory construction in nursing","author":"Walker","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae241","article-title":"New horizons in hospital-associated deconditioning: a global condition of body and mind","volume":"53","author":"Welch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086976","article-title":"Towards a common definition of hospital-acquired deconditioning in adults: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Westlake","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2019.05.001","article-title":"Factors associated with functional decline in older adults after discharge from an acute-care hospital","volume":"13","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13193","article-title":"Hospital-associated functional decline: the role of hospitalization processes beyond individual risk factors","volume":"63","author":"Zisberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw063","article-title":"Even a small change can make a big difference: the case of in-hospital cognitive decline and new IADL dependency","volume":"45","author":"Zisberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X26002213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666142X26002213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T04:02:08Z","timestamp":1793592128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666142X26002213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S2666142X26002213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-142X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-142X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hospital-associated decline: A concept analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2026.100700","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100700"}}