{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1790432642304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T17:21:47Z","timestamp":1558632107000},"page":"239-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Role of nurses in improving patient safety: Evidence from surgical complications in 21 countries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1486-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshia","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Solankallio-Vahteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirpa","family":"Tuomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib1","series-title":"Heath at a Glance","author":"OECD","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib2","series-title":"Tackling Wasteful spending on Health","author":"OECD","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib3","series-title":"The Economics of Patient safety: Strengthening a Value-Based Approach to Reducing Patient Harm at a National Level Publishing","author":"OECD","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib4","series-title":"Scorecard on Rates of Hospital-Acquired Conditions 2010 to 2015: Interim Data from National Efforts to Make Health Care safer","author":"AHRQ. National","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib5","series-title":"Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators","article-title":"Surgical complications","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40719-016-0038-y","article-title":"Screening and diagnosis of VTE: the more you look, the more you find?","volume":"2","author":"Kodadek","year":"2016","journal-title":"curr.Trauma Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181468ca3","article-title":"The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00007","article-title":"Nurse\u2013patient ratios as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"Shekelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"ann. Int.Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.16.1987","article-title":"Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction","volume":"288","author":"Aiken","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200503000-00002","article-title":"The impact of hospital nursing characteristics on 30-day mortality","volume":"54","author":"Estabrooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.003","article-title":"Outcomes of variation in hospital nurse staffing in English hospitals: cross-sectional analysis of survey data and discharge records","volume":"44","author":"Rafferty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.018","article-title":"The relationship between inpatient cardiac surgery mortality and nurse numbers and educational level: analysis of administrative data","volume":"46","author":"van den Heede","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182330b6e","article-title":"Effects of nurse staffing and nurse education on patient deaths in hospitals with different nurse work environments","volume":"49","author":"Aiken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"9931","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62631-8","article-title":"Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study","volume":"383","author":"Aiken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.08.006","article-title":"Effects of nurse staffing, work environments, and education on patient mortality: an observational study","volume":"52","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib16","first-page":"322","article-title":"Hospital nurse staffing and patient outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Aiken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev.Med. Cl\u00edn.las.condes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib17","first-page":"6","article-title":"Nurse-staffing level and quality of acute care services: evidence from cross-national panel data analysis in OECD countries","volume":"6","author":"Amiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib18","series-title":"Nurses (indicator)","author":"OECD","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib19","series-title":"Patient safety","author":"OECD Health Statistics","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib20","series-title":"Patient safety Indicators, Technical Specifications, Appendices","author":"AHRQ Quality Indicators","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib21","series-title":"Definitions for Health Care Quality Indicators. 2016-2017 HCQI Data Collection","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib22","series-title":"Clinical applications of artificial neural networks","author":"Dybowski","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199908)8:5<459::AID-HEC454>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Sensitivity of elasticity estimates for OECD health care spending: analysis of a dynamic heterogeneous data field","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00098-7","article-title":"Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties","volume":"108","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Econom"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0084.0610s1631","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test","volume":"61","author":"Maddala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oxf Bull Econ Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5606(00)00048-6","article-title":"Unit root tests for panel data","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Money Financ"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0084.61.s1.14","article-title":"Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors","volume":"61","author":"Pedroni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oxf Bull Econ Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466604203073","article-title":"Panel cointegration; Asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis","volume":"20","author":"Pedroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Econom Theor"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235201321930002X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S235201321930002X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:40:50Z","timestamp":1762432850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S235201321930002X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S235201321930002X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of nurses in improving patient safety: Evidence from surgical complications in 21 countries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnss.2019.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Chinese Nursing Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}