{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:12:20Z","timestamp":1780078340846,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,13]],"date-time":"2007-09-13T08:24:22Z","timestamp":1189671862000},"page":"1163-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Delay in seeking treatment and adherence to tuberculosis medications in Russia: A survey of patients from two clinics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Wendy Mann","family":"Woith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Gender difference in treatment seeking behaviors of tuberculosis cases in rural communities of Bangladesh","volume":"35","author":"Ahsan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib2","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children","volume":"161","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9709071","article-title":"Why do symptomatic patients delay obtaining care for tuberculosis?","volume":"157","author":"Asch","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00615.x","article-title":"Health seeking and perceived causes of tuberculosis among patients in Manila, Philippines","volume":"5","author":"Auer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib5","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Illness beliefs and adherence in diabetes mellitus: a comparison between Tongan and European patients","volume":"177","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Zealand Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behling, O., Law, K.S., 2000. Translating questionnaires and other research instruments: problems and solutions. Sage University Papers Series, Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences No. 07-133. Sage, Beverley Hills, CA.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986373"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1348\/135910702320645408","article-title":"Cholesterol control, medication adherence and illness cognition","volume":"7","author":"Brewer","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1446.2000.00061.x","article-title":"A case study in translation methodology using the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile II","volume":"17","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2307\/2501915","article-title":"Alienation, apathy, or ambivalence? \u201cDon\u2019t knows\u201d and democracy in Russia","volume":"55","author":"Carnaghan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Slavic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib10","first-page":"136","article-title":"Coping with ill health in a rickshaw puller's household in Chittagong, Bangladesh","volume":"30","author":"Carrin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib11","first-page":"301","article-title":"Emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with extensive resistance to second-line drugs\u2014worldwide, 2000\u20132004","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and US Agency for International Development in collaboration with Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Russia Academy of Medical Science and World Health Organization (CDC), 2000. Directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS). Protocol for tuberculosis demonstration projects in Russia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2307\/3090244","article-title":"Health lifestyles in Russia and the socialist heritage","volume":"43","author":"Cockerham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib14","series-title":"Quasi-Experimentation Design and Analysis issues for Field Settings","author":"Cook","year":"1979"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib15","first-page":"680","article-title":"Gender and literacy: factors related to diagnostic delay and unsuccessful treatment of tuberculosis in the mountainous area of Yemen","volume":"9","author":"Date","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(95)80022-0","article-title":"Women's decision to seek care for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Dempsey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Heart & Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327655jchn1302_6","article-title":"Health practices among Russian and Ukrainian immigrants","volume":"13","author":"Duncan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2307\/2676360","article-title":"The dimensionality of stigma: a comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV\/AIDS and cancer","volume":"41","author":"Fife","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.04.018705","article-title":"Health-systems efficiency in the Russian Federation: tuberculosis control","volume":"84","author":"Floyd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib20","first-page":"992","article-title":"Patient and health care system delays in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in a low-incidence state","volume":"9","author":"Golub","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/088704403100081321","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the common-sense model of illness representations","volume":"18","author":"Hagger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib22","series-title":"Methods for Testing and Evaluating Survey Questionnaires","first-page":"452","article-title":"Survey questionnaire translation and assessment","author":"Harkness","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018788427100","article-title":"Assessing illness representations of chronic illness: explorations of their disease-specific nature","volume":"21","author":"Heijmans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440290001502","article-title":"Self-regulation and self-management in asthma: exploring the role of illness perceptions and treatment beliefs in explaining non-adherence to preventer medication","volume":"17","author":"Horne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00202.x","article-title":"Pulmonary tuberculosis and health-seeking behaviour: how to get a delayed diagnosis in Cali, Colombia","volume":"3","author":"Jaramillo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044031000097009","article-title":"Adherence to asthma medication: the role of illness representations","volume":"18","author":"Jessop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199912)22:6<435::AID-NUR2>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Self-regulation theory and coping with physical illness","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"68","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib27","article-title":"An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment","volume":"4","author":"Kaona","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00279-8","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Pakistan: socio-cultural constraints and opportunities in treatment","volume":"50","author":"Khan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50308.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis in older people: a retrospective and comparative study from Hong Kong","volume":"50","author":"Leung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib30","first-page":"219","article-title":"Illness representations and coping with health threats","volume":"vol. IV","author":"Leventhal","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01173486","article-title":"Illness cognition: using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions","volume":"16","author":"Leventhal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib32","series-title":"Handbook of Health Psychology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Representations, procedures, and affect in illness self-regulation: a perceptual-cognitive model","author":"Leventhal","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-380.x","article-title":"From their own perspective","volume":"2","author":"Liefooghe","year":"1997","journal-title":"A Kenyan community's perception of tuberculosis. Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.363","article-title":"Conceptualizing stigma","volume":"27","author":"Link","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2307\/2955424","article-title":"On stigma and its consequences: evidence from a longitudinal study of men with dual diagnoses and mental illness and substance abuse","volume":"38","author":"Link","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib36","unstructured":"Maher, D., Mikulencak, M., 1999. What is DOTS? A guide to understanding the WHO-recommended TB control strategy known as DOTS. WHO\/CDS\/CPC\/TB\/99.270."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb11382.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis this is the cost","volume":"953","author":"Moore-Gillon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440290001494","article-title":"The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)","volume":"17","author":"Moss-Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychology and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/12.1.77","article-title":"Tuberculosis in Bombay: new insights from poor urban patients","volume":"12","author":"Nair","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200007070-00015","article-title":"High AIDS awareness may cause tuberculosis patient delay: results from an HIV epidemic area, Thailand","volume":"14","author":"Ngamvithayapong","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib41","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Health seeking behaviour and diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis in an HIV-epidemic mountainous area of Thailand","volume":"5","author":"Ngamvithayapong","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.76.1.35","article-title":"Factors contributing to delay in diagnosis and start of treatment of leprosy: analysis of help-seeking narratives in northern Bangladesh and in West Bengal, India","volume":"76","author":"Nicholls","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leprosy Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib43","first-page":"329","volume":"33","author":"Nunn","year":"2001","journal-title":"The global control of tuberculosis: what are the prospects? Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib44","article-title":"Patterns of delays amongst pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Odusanya","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib45","first-page":"1189","article-title":"A social-psychological analysis of HIV-related stigma: a two-factor theory","volume":"42","author":"Pryor","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1665.2000.00239.x","article-title":"Combating psychiatric stigma: an overview of contemporary initiatives","volume":"18","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australasian Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib47","first-page":"327","article-title":"Care seeking behaviour and diagnostic processes in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi","volume":"4","author":"Salaniponi","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib48","first-page":"733","article-title":"HIV testing practices of TB patients after introduction of a new testing policy in Kiev City, Ukraine","volume":"9","author":"Van der Werf","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.110779","article-title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Taipei, 1996\u20131999","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib50","unstructured":"WHO, 2002. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO Report 2002. HO\/CDS\/TB\/2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib51","unstructured":"WHO, 2003. Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines for national programmes. WHO\/CDS\/TB2003.313."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014_bib52","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), 2005. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO Report 2005. WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2005.349."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748907001988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748907001988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:16:29Z","timestamp":1758114989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020748907001988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020748907001988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Delay in seeking treatment and adherence to tuberculosis medications in Russia: A survey of patients from two clinics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.07.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}