{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:25:18Z","timestamp":1788305118264,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,5]],"date-time":"2016-03-05T14:56:07Z","timestamp":1457189767000},"page":"51-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long term central venous catheters in infants and children: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Natalie K.","family":"Bradford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0b013e31829627e7","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for central venous catheter-related complications: a prospective observational study in pediatric patients with bone sarcomas","volume":"37","author":"Abate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31823dd284","article-title":"Central venous line dysfunction is an independent predictor of poor survival in children with cancer","volume":"34","author":"Athale","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol.\/Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0015","first-page":"155","article-title":"The development of evidence-based care recommendations to improve the safe use of anticoagulants in children","volume":"17","author":"Barclay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"9684","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60220-8","article-title":"Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters","volume":"374","author":"Baskin","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0b013e31823312b1","article-title":"Efficacy of normal saline versus heparinized saline solution for locking catheters of totally implantable long-term central vascular access devices in adult cancer patients","volume":"35","author":"Bertoglio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0030","article-title":"Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long term central venous catheters in infants and children","volume":"2015","author":"Bradford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.19.4860","article-title":"Prospective, randomized trial of two different modalities of flushing central venous catheters in pediatric patients with cancer","volume":"27","author":"Cesaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0040","series-title":"Review manager (RevMan)[computer program]","author":"Cochrane Collaboration","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/1043454214532028","article-title":"Central venous catheter flushing recommendations a systematic evidence-based practice review","volume":"31","author":"Conway","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdi111","article-title":"Central venous catheter-related complications in children with oncological\/hematological diseases: an observational study of 418 devices","volume":"16","author":"Fratino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24010","article-title":"Safety of central venous catheter placement at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children","volume":"58","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt114","article-title":"Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non-valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial","author":"Goossens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0065","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2008.13.5.29296","article-title":"The care of vascular access devices in community care","volume":"13","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Community Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607104028002113","article-title":"Central venous catheter occlusion: a prospective, controlled trial examining the impact of a positive-pressure valve device","volume":"28","author":"Jacobs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Parenteral Enteral Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1086\/648418","article-title":"Health care-associated bloodstream infections associated with negative-or positive-pressure or displacement mechanical valve needleless connectors","volume":"49","author":"Jarvis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2005.04085.x","article-title":"A systematic review for effective management of central venous catheters and catheter sites in acute care paediatric patients","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid.-Based Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0090","series-title":"Heparin versus 0. 9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults","author":"Lopez-Briz","year":"2014"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0095","first-page":"753","article-title":"Strategies to prevent central line\u2013associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update","volume":"35","author":"Marschall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2009.05103.x","article-title":"Heparin flushing and other interventions to maintain patency of central venous catheters: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0105","series-title":"Care and maintenance to reduce vascular access complications. Nursing Best Practice guideline","author":"Nelson","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e11b4","article-title":"Heparin or 0.9% sodium chloride to maintain central venous catheter patency: a randomized trial","volume":"40","author":"Schallom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Critical Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e284","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0529","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of heparin versus placebo infusion to prolong the usability of peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters (PCVCs) in neonates: the HIP (Heparin Infusion for PCVC) study","volume":"119","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4596-4606.2005","article-title":"Heparin stimulates Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation","volume":"73","author":"Shanks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-199122000-00005","article-title":"Maintenance of the patency of indwelling central venous catheters: is heparin necessary?","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Hematol.\/Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014_bib0130","first-page":"245","article-title":"New anticoagulants in children","volume":"2008","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"ASH Education Program Book"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748916000821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748916000821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:32:34Z","timestamp":1758115954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020748916000821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0020748916000821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for the prevention of occlusion in long term central venous catheters in infants and children: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}