{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:21:06Z","timestamp":1793830866300,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFS0268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T16:37:52Z","timestamp":1689525472000},"page":"104565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine learning-based prediction of delirium 24\u202fh after pediatric intensive care unit admission in critically ill children: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20882","article-title":"The promise of machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in psychiatry","volume":"20","author":"Chekroud","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30377-3","article-title":"Delirium in hospitalised children","volume":"4","author":"Dechnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.001593","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine","volume":"132","author":"Deo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002813","article-title":"Health-related quality of life following delirium in the PICU","volume":"23","author":"Dervan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03724-0","article-title":"Machine learning model for early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric critical care","volume":"25","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25502","article-title":"Glial injury in neurotoxicity after pediatric CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy","volume":"86","author":"Gust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4344-1","article-title":"Clinical recommendations for pain, sedation, withdrawal and delirium assessment in critically ill infants and children: an ESPNIC position statement for healthcare professionals","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0040","first-page":"344","article-title":"Clinical application of the Chinese version of Cornell assessment of pediatric delirium: a pilot study","volume":"57","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002126","article-title":"Development and validation of a risk scale for emergence agitation after general anesthesia in children: a prospective observational study","volume":"125","author":"Hino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2017-206735","article-title":"What is an ROC curve?","volume":"34","author":"Hoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13758","article-title":"Automated machine learning-based model predicts postoperative delirium using readily extractable perioperative collected electronic data","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23401","article-title":"A machine learning\u2013based algorithm for the prediction of intensive care unit delirium (PRIDE): retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Hur","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"issue":"9920","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025894","article-title":"Development and validation of a postoperative delirium prediction model for pediatric patients","volume":"100","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0075","article-title":"The occurrence of delirium diagnosis among youth hospitalizations in the United States: a Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database analysis","author":"Luccarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.09.005","article-title":"Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways","volume":"21","author":"Maldonado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-22-187","article-title":"Construction and validation of an early prediction model of delirium in children after congenital heart surgery","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Pediatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC49","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202010060","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"173","author":"Mattison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0095","article-title":"Does general anesthesia affect neurodevelopment in infants and children?","volume":"367","author":"McCann","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1404","article-title":"Machine learning for prediction in electronic health data","volume":"1","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","article-title":"Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"350","author":"Salluh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.037","article-title":"Big data and data science in critical care","volume":"154","author":"Sanchez-Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.125","article-title":"Delirium in the pediatric patient: on the growing awareness of its clinical interdisciplinary importance","volume":"168","author":"Schieveld","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"10236","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30226-9","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and the future of global health","volume":"395","author":"Schwalbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005260","article-title":"A systematic review and pooled prevalence of delirium in critically ill children","volume":"50","author":"Semple","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S353318","article-title":"Nomogram models for predicting delirium of patients in emergency intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2518-z","article-title":"Detecting pediatric delirium: development of a rapid observational assessment tool","volume":"38","author":"Silver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951514000947","article-title":"Delirium screening anchored in child development: the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium","volume":"13","author":"Silver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Palliat. Support. Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004661","article-title":"Association between pediatric delirium and quality of life after discharge","volume":"48","author":"Silver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001428","article-title":"The preschool confusion assessment method for the ICU: valid and reliable delirium monitoring for critically ill infants and children","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4857","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","article-title":"Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems","volume":"240","author":"Swets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104289","article-title":"Predicting presumed serious infection among hospitalized children on central venous lines with machine learning","volume":"132","author":"Tabaie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a66b76","article-title":"Cornell assessment of pediatric delirium: a valid, rapid, observational tool for screening delirium in the PICU","volume":"42","author":"Traube","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002004","article-title":"Cost associated with pediatric delirium in the ICU","volume":"44","author":"Traube","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002324","article-title":"Delirium and mortality in critically ill children: epidemiology and outcomes of pediatric delirium","volume":"45","author":"Traube","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002250","article-title":"Delirium in critically ill children: an international point prevalence study","volume":"45","author":"Traube","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109896","article-title":"Predicting postoperative delirium after microvascular decompression surgery with machine learning","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1018","article-title":"Development and validation of an electronic health record\u2013based machine learning model to estimate delirium risk in newly hospitalized patients without known cognitive impairment","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0195","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting postoperative delirium in patients with elderly hip fracture based on data collected on admission","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0200","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after sedation in children with convulsion and establishment of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of delirium","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270639","article-title":"Risk factors of delirium in paediatric intensive care units: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002074892300130X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002074892300130X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:45:06Z","timestamp":1762184706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002074892300130X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S002074892300130X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine learning-based prediction of delirium 24\u202fh after pediatric intensive care unit admission in critically ill children: A prospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2023.104565","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104565"}}