{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:04:15Z","timestamp":1780679055580,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:29:58Z","timestamp":1773041398000},"page":"105409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion: The debate and ethical considerations for nurses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Pannekoek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0005","article-title":"Normothermic regional perfusion is an emerging cost-effective alternative in donation after circulatory death (DCD) in heart transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Alamouti-fard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0010","article-title":"The American College of Physicians says organ procurement method raises significant ethical concerns [WWW document]","author":"American College of Physicians","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACP Newsroom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0015","unstructured":"American Nurses Association, A., n.d. 2025 Code of Ethics for Nurses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000001450","article-title":"Normothermic regional perfusion can improve both utilization and outcomes in DCD liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Bekki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant. Direct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180119000574","article-title":"Aligning the criterion and tests for brain death","volume":"28","author":"Bernat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Camb. Q. Healthc. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-020-0618-6","article-title":"Controversies in brain death declaration: legal and ethical implications in the ICU","volume":"22","author":"Biel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.21037\/acs-2024-dcd-27","article-title":"Heart transplantation in controlled donation after circulatory determination of death: the Italian experience","volume":"14","author":"Boffini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2016.1180441","article-title":"Moral hazard in pediatrics","volume":"16","author":"Brunnquell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Bioeth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhlto.2024.100058","article-title":"Outcomes of lung and heart-lung transplants utilizing donor after circulatory death with thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHLT Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0050","author":"Choi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13474","article-title":"Uncontrolled deceased cardiac donation: an unutilized source for organ transplantation in the United States","volume":"33","author":"Choudhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0060","series-title":"Lazarus Effect\/Phenomenon [WWW Document]","author":"Cleveland Clinic","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003139","article-title":"Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death: a unique opportunity","volume":"104","author":"Coll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02155.x","article-title":"Increasing organ donations after cardiac death by increasing DCD support among health care professionals: a case report","volume":"8","author":"D\u2019Alessandro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618784268","article-title":"Inconsistencies between the criterion and tests for brain death","volume":"35","author":"Dalle Ave","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13792","article-title":"Ethical issues in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in controlled donation after circulatory determination of death","volume":"16","author":"Dalle Ave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S361930","article-title":"Program of uncontrolled donation after circulatory death as potential solution to the shortage of organs: a Canadian single-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Aragon","year":"2022","journal-title":"OAEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2017.19.6.nlit1-1706","article-title":"Who is experiencing what kind of moral distress? Distinctions for moving from a narrow to a broad definition of moral distress","volume":"19","author":"Fourie","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMA J. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.17002","article-title":"Normothermic regional perfusion and US legal standards for determining death are not aligned","volume":"22","author":"Glazier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0100","series-title":"International Report on Organ Donation and Transplantation Activities 2023","author":"Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15795","article-title":"Initial lung transplantation experience with uncontrolled donation after cardiac death in North America","volume":"20","author":"Healey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.06.022","article-title":"Early US experience with cardiac donation after circulatory death (DCD) using normothermic regional perfusion","volume":"40","author":"Hoffman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e726","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14154","article-title":"Organ donation and transplantation: awareness and roles of healthcare professionals\u2014a systematic literature review","volume":"27","author":"Jawoniyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.182","article-title":"Organ preservation: from the past to the future","volume":"39","author":"Jing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0125","article-title":"An anesthesiologist\u2019s moral distress with organ procurement: a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Johri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0130","first-page":"65","article-title":"Communication in nursing practice","volume":"26","author":"Kourkouta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-024-01964-w","article-title":"The quest to revise the uniform determination of death act: why we tried, why we failed, and where we go from here","volume":"41","author":"Lewis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.72","article-title":"Current controversies in brain death determination","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005033","article-title":"An interdisciplinary response to contemporary concerns about brain death determination","volume":"90","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhz030","article-title":"Why DCD donors are dead","volume":"45","author":"Lizza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Philos.: A Forum Bioethics Philos. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15775","article-title":"Maintaining the permanence principle for death during in situ normothermic regional perfusion for donation after circulatory death organ recovery: a United Kingdom and Canadian proposal","volume":"20","author":"Manara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.11.024","article-title":"Machine perfusion preservation for kidney grafts with a high creatinine from uncontrolled donation after cardiac death","volume":"42","author":"Matsuno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0165","series-title":"What Is the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA)? [WWW Document]","author":"McCall","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.01.007","article-title":"Consequences of the dead donor rule","volume":"97","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057107","article-title":"Differential impact of opt-in, opt-out policies on deceased organ donation rates: a mixed conceptual and empirical study","volume":"12","author":"Molina-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733019874492","article-title":"What is \u2018moral distress\u2019 in nursing? A feminist empirical bioethics study","volume":"27","author":"Morley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0185","series-title":"Contemporary European Perspectives on the Ethics of End of Life Care, Philosophy and Medicine","first-page":"335","article-title":"Moral distress in end-of-life care","author":"Morley","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025159","article-title":"Short-term impact of introducing a soft opt-out organ donation system in Wales: before and after study","volume":"9","author":"Noyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0195","series-title":"Ethical Considerations of Imminent Death Donation White Paper [WWW Document]","author":"Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0200","article-title":"Organ transplants exceeded 48,000 in 2024; a 3.3 percent increase from the transplants performed in 2023 [WWW document]","author":"Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network","year":"2025","journal-title":"OPTN: News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2020.1019","article-title":"Reexamining the flawed legal basis of the \u201cdead donor rule\u201d as a foundation for organ donation policy","volume":"22","author":"Schweikart","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMA J. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105885","article-title":"Incidence of brain death in the United States","volume":"195","author":"Seifi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11046","article-title":"Systematic review to assess the possibility of return of cerebral and cardiac activity after normothermic regional perfusion for donors after circulatory death","volume":"106","author":"Shapey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3242-7","article-title":"International guideline development for the determination of death","volume":"40","author":"Shemie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/152692480301300309","article-title":"Families\u2019 understanding of brain death","volume":"13","author":"Siminoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.07.059","article-title":"Early experience with donation after circulatory death heart transplantation using normothermic regional perfusion in the United States","volume":"164","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0235","series-title":"New Zeal in Organ Procurement Raises Fears [WWW Document]","author":"Stein","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207407","article-title":"Rethinking brain death\u2014why \u201cdead enough\u201d is not good enough","volume":"101","author":"Sulmasy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0245","article-title":"Honoring first person authorization in donation after circulatory death series, part 2: the ethics","author":"The Alliance","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Alliance Spotlight Series."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733019826362","article-title":"Radical actions to address UK organ shortage, enacting Iran\u2019s paid donation programme: a discussion paper","volume":"26","author":"Timmins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-146X.1997.tb00021.x","article-title":"Is it time to abandon brain death?","volume":"27","author":"Truog","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hast. Cent. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0260","series-title":"New Study Finds the Brain May \u2018Stay Alive\u2019 Even 1 Hour After the Heart Stops [WWW Document]","author":"Upham","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409_bb0265","article-title":"Public understandings of the definition and determination of death: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplant. Direct"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926000817?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926000817?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:45:27Z","timestamp":1780677927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020748926000817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0020748926000817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion: The debate and ethical considerations for nurses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105409","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105409"}}