{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T02:31:03Z","timestamp":1794105063070,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Government of Canada Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000022","name":"Institute for Work & Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T18:00:09Z","timestamp":1778090409000},"page":"105555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impacts of gender and race on workplace violence against nurses and nursing assistants: A scoping review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sioban","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quinn","family":"Grundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Galvez-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuseini","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12741","article-title":"Challenges perceived by nursing professionals in physician-centred organizations: an exploratory qualitative study","volume":"69","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Nurs. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113138","article-title":"Considerations for employing intersectionality in qualitative health research","volume":"258","author":"Abrams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031546","article-title":"Gender differences in reporting workplace violence: a qualitative analysis of administrative records of violent episodes experienced by healthcare workers in a large public Italian hospital","volume":"9","author":"Acquadro Maran","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v38n04_05","article-title":"Feminism in women\u2019s health professions in Ontario","volume":"38","author":"Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0025","series-title":"The Organization and Experience of Work","author":"Adams","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1560587","article-title":"Perceptions on the sexual harassment of female nurses in a state hospital in Sri Lanka: a qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13556","article-title":"\u2018Gender\u2019 in workplace bullying: a phenomenological study on nurses","volume":"30","author":"Akella","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2834.2009.00983.x","article-title":"Overseas nurses\u2019 experiences of discrimination: a case of racist bullying?","volume":"17","author":"Allan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2005.00469.x","article-title":"Making connections: healthcare as a case study in the social organisation of work","volume":"27","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0050","first-page":"535","article-title":"Psychological violence in the nursing work","volume":"68","author":"Alves Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0055","author":"Amnesty International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163703","article-title":"Workplace victimization: aggression from the target\u2019s perspective","volume":"60","author":"Aquino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101491","article-title":"Girls bite back and act in self-defence: nurse versus patient","volume":"55","author":"Ayala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003646","article-title":"Perpetrators of gender-based workplace violence amongst nurses and physicians\u2013a scoping review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Ayaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0432.2006.00300.x","article-title":"Staying with people who slap us around: gender, juggling responsibilities and violence in paid (and unpaid) care work","volume":"13","author":"Baines","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gend. Work. Organ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/cjas.1439","article-title":"Is it safe to bring myself to work? Understanding LGBTQ experiences of workplace dignity","volume":"34","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Adm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.10.037","article-title":"Structural violence in long-term, residential care for older people: comparing Canada and Scandinavia","volume":"74","author":"Banerjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-013101","article-title":"ViSHWaS: violence study of healthcare workers and systems\u2014a global survey","volume":"8","author":"Banga","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3203","article-title":"Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of incidents from a lower-middle-income country","volume":"87","author":"Bhatti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2023.1138628","article-title":"\u201cAh, it\u2019s best not to mention that here\u201d: experiences of LGBTQ+ health professionals in (heteronormative) workplaces in Canada","volume":"8","author":"Bizzeth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sociol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.43","article-title":"Sources, incidence and effects of non-physical workplace violence against nurses in Ghana","volume":"3","author":"Boafo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12444","article-title":"\u201cGo back to your country\u201d: exploring nurses\u2019 experiences of workplace conflict involving patients and patients\u2019 family members in two Canadian cities","volume":"29","author":"Boateng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Inq."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality\u2014 an important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health (1971)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.91.5.998","article-title":"Workplace harassment from the victim\u2019s perspective: a theoretical model and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Bowling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ppsychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02667.x","article-title":"Sexual harassment of nurses and nursing students","volume":"42","author":"Bronner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/1048291118824872","article-title":"Breaking point: violence against long-term care staff","volume":"29","author":"Brophy","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Solut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Types of workplace violence in nursing in the Family Health Strategy","volume":"25","author":"Busnello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anna Nery School J. Nurs.\/Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799211031233","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 experience with type II workplace violence and underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"70","author":"Byon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work. Health Safety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-618X.1996.tb02457.x","article-title":"Antiracism organizing and resistance in nursing: African Canadian women","volume":"33","author":"Calliste","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. Rev. Sociol. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0150","series-title":"Anti-racist Feminism: Critical Race and Gender Studies","article-title":"Nurses and porters racism, sexism and resistance in segmented labour markets","author":"Calliste","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0155","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0160","author":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0165","author":"Canadian Nurses Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-023-01551-y","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 experiences of workplace violence based on the perspective of gender differences: a phenomenological study","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0175","series-title":"Violence Facing Health Care Workers in Canada. Committee Report No. 29 - HESA (42-1)","author":"Casey","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incivility in nursing education: sources of bullying and their impact on nursing and psychiatric nursing students","volume":"8","author":"Chachula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Adv. Nurs. Ed. - Avanc\u00e9es en Formation Infirmi\u00e8re"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2021.09.002","article-title":"Male nurses\u2019 experiences of workplace gender discrimination and sexual harassment in South Korea: a qualitative study","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0190","series-title":"Violence at Work","author":"Chappell","year":"2006"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(07)30319-4","article-title":"Experiences of sexual harassment of women health workers in four hospitals in Kolkata, India","volume":"15","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Health Matters"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0200","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080879","article-title":"Workplace violence toward physicians and nurses: prevalence and correlates in Macau","volume":"14","author":"Cheung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/1527154410396222","article-title":"Walking the talk: insights into dynamics of race and gender for nurses","volume":"11","author":"Choiniere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Policy Polit. Nurs. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12028","article-title":"Conceptualizing structural violence in the context of mental health nursing","volume":"21","author":"Choiniere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs. Inq."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6740","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16814","article-title":"Exposure to violence for nurses across ethnic groups: a qualitative study","volume":"81","author":"Chui","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1108\/14777260910979326","article-title":"Sexual harassment\u2014a touchy subject for nurses","volume":"23","author":"Cogin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Organ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112142","article-title":"Intersectoinality\u2019s definitional dilemmas","volume":"41","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0235","series-title":"Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory","author":"Collins","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017020977314","article-title":"Residential care aides\u2019 experiences of workplace incivility in long-term care","volume":"36","author":"Cooke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Work Employ. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039","article-title":"Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color","volume":"43","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stanford Law Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-023-00911-2","article-title":"Women and working in healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil: bullying of colleagues","volume":"19","author":"da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0255","article-title":"I do not even tell my partner: nurses\u2019 perceptions of verbal and physical violence against nurses working in a regional hospital","volume":"13","author":"Dafny","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0260","series-title":"Real Nurses and Others: Racism in Nursing","author":"Das Gupta","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017011419707","article-title":"Workplace aggression: the effects of harassment on job burnout and turnover intentions","volume":"25","author":"Deery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Work Employ. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599101300107","article-title":"A definition and description of nurse abuse","volume":"13","author":"Diaz","year":"1991","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.01.036","article-title":"Exploring verbal and physical workplace violence in a large, urban emergency department","volume":"67","author":"Doehring","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/10570314.2011.571654","article-title":"Managing sexual harassment yhrough enacted stereotypes: an intergroup perspective","volume":"75","author":"Dougherty","year":"2011","journal-title":"West. J. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033989","article-title":"Opposites attract or attack? The moderating role of diversity climate in the team diversity-interpersonal aggression relationship","volume":"18","author":"Drach-Zahavy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxz018","article-title":"Sex and gender role differences in occupational exposures and work outcomes among registered nurses in correctional settings","volume":"63","author":"El Ghaziri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0295","article-title":"Experiences of racial microaggression among migrant nurses in the United Kingdom","volume":"1","author":"Estacio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Qual. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0300","article-title":"Workplace violence and professional quality of life among primary care nurses","volume":"35","author":"Fabri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paulista de Enfermagem"},{"issue":"9\/10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15671","article-title":"Relationships among sex, empowerment, workplace bullying and job turnover intention of new graduate nurses","volume":"30","author":"Favaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12854","article-title":"Bullying in nursing students: a integrative literature review","volume":"30","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04504.x","article-title":"Verbal abuse experienced by nursing students","volume":"61","author":"Ferns","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00005110-200010000-00008","article-title":"Sexual harassment in the workplace: nurses' perceptions","volume":"30","author":"Fiedler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Adm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0325","first-page":"e39","article-title":"Interdisciplinary healthcare students\u2019 experiences of intimidation, harassment, and discrimination during training","volume":"49","author":"Findley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allied Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61830-4","article-title":"Addressing violence against women: a call to action","volume":"385","author":"Garc\u00eda-Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0335","first-page":"59","article-title":"Violence against nurses and its impact on stress and productivity","volume":"29","author":"Gates","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nurs. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0340","article-title":"Violence against female health workers is tip of iceberg of gender power imbalances","volume":"371","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.007294","article-title":"An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: the Minnesota nurses\u2019 study","volume":"61","author":"Gerberich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.09.017","article-title":"Towards a more complex perspective on workplace violence: more to come? Commentary on Zhang et al., 2017 \u201cWorkplace violence against nurses: a cross-sectional study\u201d","volume":"77","author":"Giannouli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112356","article-title":"A critical realist exploration of the vulnerability of staff to sexual harassment in residential long-term care","volume":"238","author":"Grigorovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0360","author":"Grossetta Nardini"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12620-0","article-title":"Workplace mistreatment of Swedish health care professionals: prevalence and perpetrators across profession, sex, and birth country","volume":"25","author":"Gynning","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193","article-title":"The nature and pre-disposing factors of workplace violence: a qualitative study of how violence is experienced by ED personnel","volume":"63","author":"Habibzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Emerg. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0375","series-title":"Interrogating Race and Racism","first-page":"206","article-title":"Racial discrimination in nursing","author":"Hagey","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0380","series-title":"Flatlining: Race, Work, and Health Care in the New Economy","author":"Harvey Wingfield","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/job.689","article-title":"\u201cIncivility, social undermining, bullying\u2026oh my!\u201d: a call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research","volume":"32","author":"Hershcovis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0390","first-page":"53","article-title":"Feminism and nursing","volume":"3","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1991","journal-title":"NWSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0395","first-page":"75","article-title":"It is part of the job: waitresses and nurses define sexual harassment","volume":"24","author":"Huebner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociol. Viewpoints"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pto.2023.01.004","article-title":"Impact of discrimination towards LGBTQ+ people in the workplace: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Imsirovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0405","author":"International Council of Nurses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0410","author":"International Labour Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0415","author":"International Labour Office"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0420","author":"International Labour Office"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0425","author":"International Labour Office"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0430","author":"International Labour Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0435","series-title":"Framework Guidelines for Addressing Workplace Violence in the Health Sector","author":"International Labour Organization","year":"2002"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12074","article-title":"Mosaic of verbal abuse experienced by nurses in their everyday work","volume":"69","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2017.01.008","article-title":"Workplace violence against women nurses working in two public sector hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"65","author":"Jafree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs. Outlook"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-01091-x","article-title":"Workplace sexual harassment toward male nurses in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"21","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0455","series-title":"Better Science With Sex and Gender: A Primer for Health Research","author":"Johnson","year":"2007"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987119880329","article-title":"An investigation into the relationships between bullying, discrimination, burnout and patient safety in nurses and midwives: is burnout a mediator?","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0465","article-title":"The lived experiences of racial and ethnic minority nurses exposed to racial microaggressions in the hospital setting: qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian\/Pacific Island Nurs. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0470","series-title":"Everyday Violence: The Public Harassment of Women and LGBTQ People","author":"Kolysh","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac180","article-title":"Violence against healthcare workers is a political problem and a public health issue: a call to action","volume":"33","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pub. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb9000","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate workplace violence in healthcare settings","volume":"13","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12478","article-title":"Balancing security and care: gender relations of nursing staff in forensic psychiatric care","volume":"29","author":"Kumpula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Inq."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116938","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of bullying and sexual and racial harassment in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in Italy","volume":"19","author":"La Torre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459251323680","article-title":"Variability of terminology used to describe unwanted workplace behaviors in nursing: a scoping review","volume":"47","author":"Lambert","year":"2025","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.07.010","article-title":"The aftermath of workplace violence among healthcare workers: a systematic literature review of the consequences","volume":"19","author":"Lanct\u00f4t","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0500","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Examining risk of workplace violence in Canada: a sex\/gender-based analysis","volume":"62","author":"Lanthier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Work Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.02.001","article-title":"The relationship between workplace violence, job satisfaction and turnover intention in emergency nurses","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Emerg. Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/00005110-200111000-00010","article-title":"Sexual harassment in healthcare: classification of harassers and rationalizations of sex-based harassment behavior","volume":"31","author":"Madison","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Adm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0515","first-page":"8","article-title":"The contextual issues associated with sexual harassment experiences reported by registered nurses","volume":"22","author":"Madison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust. J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017014538337","article-title":"Intersectionality: are we taking enough notice in the field of work and employment relations?","volume":"29","author":"McBride","year":"2015","journal-title":"Work Employ. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2018.05.004","article-title":"Sex, gender and the carceral: female staff experiences of working in forensic care with sexual offenders","volume":"59","author":"Mercer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Law Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243212461299","article-title":"An intersectional analysis of lesbian, gay, bixexual and transgender (LGBT) people\u2019s evaluations of anti-queer violence","volume":"26","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gend. Soc."},{"issue":"9978","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61797-9","article-title":"Prevention of violence against women and girls: lessons from practice","volume":"385","author":"Michau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613504109","article-title":"Hispanic nurses\u2019 experiences of bias in the workplace","volume":"25","author":"Moceri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Transcult. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16431","article-title":"Workplace bullying experiences of nurses from diverse sexual orientation and gender identity groups","volume":"81","author":"Mohr","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0550","first-page":"e072243","article-title":"Using an intersectionality approach to transform health services for overlooked healthcare users and workers after COVID-19","volume":"381","author":"Mothupi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12297","article-title":"Human dignity and professional reputation under threat: Iranian nurses\u2019 experiences of workplace violence","volume":"19","author":"Najafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0560","series-title":"Let\u2019s Talk: Racism and Health Equity","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003336","article-title":"A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce\u2014a scoping review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Nelson","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob. Public Health"},{"issue":"Complete","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.06.007","article-title":"What we know, what we do not know, and what we should and could have known about workplace bullying: an overview of the literature and agenda for future research","volume":"42","author":"Nielsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.11.002","article-title":"Antecedent factors in different types of workplace violence against nurses: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Nowrouzi-Kia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0580","article-title":"The growing burden of workplace violence against healthcare workers: trends in prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and prevention &#x2013; a narrative review","volume":"72","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0585","article-title":"Interrupting the cycle of bullying witnessed or experienced by nursing students: an ethical and relational action framework","volume":"91","author":"O\u2019Flynn-Magee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0590","first-page":"34","article-title":"Commentary: exploring the intersections between bullying and racism in nursing","volume":"34","author":"O\u2019Flynn-Magee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs. Lead. (1910-622X)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0595","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13419","article-title":"Comparative analysis of sexual harassment between male and female nurses: a cross-sectional study in Greece","volume":"30","author":"Papantoniou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2022.08.010","article-title":"Bullying, discrimination, and sexual harassment among intensive care unit nurses in Australia and New Zealand: an online survey","volume":"36","author":"Parke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust. Crit. Care: Off. J. Confederation Aust. Crit. Care Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.09.030","article-title":"Gender differences in workplace violence against physicians and nurses in Latin America: a survey from the Interamerican Society of Cardiology","volume":"225","author":"Parodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0615","series-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer\u2019s Manual","article-title":"Chapter 11: scoping reviews","author":"Peters","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0620","series-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis 2024","article-title":"Chapter 10: scoping reviews","author":"Peters","year":"2020"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1501998","article-title":"Workplace violence against health care workers in the United States","volume":"374","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10493131","article-title":"Women in a women\u2019s job: the gendered experience of nurses 14 (4)","volume":"14","author":"Porter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2012.01.001","article-title":"Horizontal violence among hospital staff nurses related to oppressed self or oppressed group","volume":"28","author":"Purpora","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Prof. Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02870-y","article-title":"Occupational violence against nursing staff in the surgical wards of Murzuq locality hospitals, Libya (2024)","volume":"24","author":"Rahama","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.02.004","article-title":"Violence against nurses in the triage area: an Italian qualitative study","volume":"23","author":"Ramacciati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Emerg. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0650","article-title":"Relations of power and oppression within the delivery room: nursing narratives","volume":"56","author":"Rangel-Flores","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Esc. Enferm. U.S.P."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.137","article-title":"Impact of workplace discrimination and harassment among National Health Service staff working in London trusts: results from the TIDES study","volume":"7","author":"Rhead","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204263505","article-title":"Sexual harassment among female personnel in an Italian hospital: frequency and correlates","volume":"10","author":"Romito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.05.021","article-title":"Workplace violence against healthcare workers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"221","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945914527177","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in factors related to workplace violence victimization","volume":"37","author":"Sabri","year":"2015","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-01144-1","article-title":"Understanding and measuring workplace violence in healthcare: a Canadian systematic framework to address a global healthcare phenomenon","volume":"25","author":"Schulz-Quach","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0680","first-page":"259","article-title":"Racial and ethnic discrimination during clinical education and its impact on the well-being of nurse anesthesia students","volume":"91","author":"Serrano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. Assoc. Nurse Anesth. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E998","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20210090","article-title":"Discrimination experienced by Asian Canadian and Asian American health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0690","author":"Sharplin","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8543.00220","article-title":"The determinants of racial harassment at the workplace: evidence from the British nursing profession","volume":"40","author":"Shields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Relat."},{"issue":"274","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0335.00284","article-title":"Racial harassment, job satisfaction and intentions to quit: evidence from the British nursing profession","volume":"69","author":"Shields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Economica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0705","series-title":"Understanding Sociology in Nursing","first-page":"71","article-title":"Nursing as women\u2019s work","author":"Smith","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15607","article-title":"Experiences of New Zealand registered nurses of Chinese ethnicity during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/job.688","article-title":"A case for recognizing distinctions among constructs that capture interpersonal mistreatment in work organizations","volume":"32","author":"Tepper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12654","article-title":"Toward disrupting normalized incivility in our nursing workplaces","volume":"31","author":"Thorne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0725","author":"United Nations Population Fund"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0730","author":"United Nations Population Fund"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0735","author":"United States National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine Committee on Human Rights"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2021.09.004","article-title":"Workplace violence directed at nursing and medical students - what can students tell us about it?","volume":"37","author":"Warshawski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prof. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-022-00307-7","article-title":"Trauma- and violence-informed care: orienting intimate partner violence interventions to quity","volume":"9","author":"Wathen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Epidemiol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13414","article-title":"\u201cThey created a team of almost entirely the people who work and are like them\u201d: a qualitative study of organisational culture and racialised inequalities among healthcare staff","volume":"44","author":"Woodhead","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0755","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0760","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0765","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0770","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0775","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0780","author":"Xavier-Carter"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079920986159","article-title":"Certified nursing assistants\u2019 perceived workplace violence in long-term care facilities: a qualitative analysis","volume":"69","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work. Health Safety"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12519","article-title":"Workplace bullying among operating room nurses in China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1780","article-title":"Negative association between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour in male, but not female, nursing interns: a cross-section study","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs. Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20085525","article-title":"Experiences of sexual harassment by patients among nurses at the mental hospital of West Java Province: a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Yosep","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.971522","article-title":"Bitter silence allows sexual harassment to continue in workplace: a qualitative study in Iranian nurses","volume":"10","author":"Zeighami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.11.009","article-title":"Prevalence of workplace violence against chinese nurses and its association with mental health: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926002270?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926002270?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:00:30Z","timestamp":1780491630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020748926002270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":163,"alternative-id":["S0020748926002270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impacts of gender and race on workplace violence against nurses and nursing assistants: A scoping review of the literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105555","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105555"}}