{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:47:33Z","timestamp":1792406853629,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009128","name":"National Institute for Health Research Research for Patient Benefit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR206344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:50:00Z","timestamp":1791269400000},"page":"105713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Post-incident responses (debriefing) after restrictive interventions in mental health inpatient settings: A realist synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Nutmeg","family":"Hallett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Clowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1459","article-title":"Lost in reviews: looking for the involvement of stakeholders, patients, public and other non-researcher contributors in realist reviews","volume":"12","author":"Abrams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-00-2208","article-title":"Time-driven battlemind psychological debriefing: a group-level early intervention in combat","volume":"174","author":"Adler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717738491","article-title":"Variables associated with the subjective experience of coercive measures in psychiatric inpatients: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Aguilera-Serrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20200306-01","article-title":"Violence factors and debriefing in psychiatric inpatient care: a review","volume":"58","author":"Asikainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjquality.u211050.w4430","article-title":"Succeeding in sustained reduction in the use of restraint using the improvement model","volume":"5","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Improv. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12060628","article-title":"Factors and processes facilitating recovery from coercion in mental health services \u2014 a meta-ethnography","volume":"12","author":"Berring","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0035","article-title":"Conceptualizing healthcare professionals\u2019 relational competence in mental healthcare: an integrative review","volume":"7","author":"Beyene","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0040","series-title":"Doing Realist Research","article-title":"Scoping and searching to support realist approaches","author":"Booth","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.066","article-title":"Reducing seclusion use in an Australian child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit","volume":"305","author":"Boulton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12129","article-title":"Safewards: a new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards: safewards: description of the model","volume":"21","author":"Bowers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.574","article-title":"Patients\u2019 and staff members\u2019 experiences of restrictive practices in acute mental health in-patient settings: systematic review and thematic synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Butterworth","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr08020","article-title":"Implementation of interventions to reduce preventable hospital admissions for cardiovascular or respiratory conditions: an evidence map and realist synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv. Deliv. Res."},{"issue":"491","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0065","article-title":"Effects of seclusion and restraint in adult psychiatry: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Chieze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16469","article-title":"Clinical judgement in nursing \u2013 an evolutionary concept analysis","volume":"32","author":"Connor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0075","series-title":"Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018: Statutory Guidance for NHS Organisations in England, and Police Forces in England and Wales. London","author":"Department of Health and Social Care","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.70097","article-title":"Post-incident responses (debriefing) in mental health services in England: a policy review","volume":"33","author":"Dickinson","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000502","article-title":"Implementing a program to reduce restraint and seclusion utilization in a public-sector hospital: clinical innovations, preliminary findings, and lessons learned","volume":"18","author":"Dike","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.016","article-title":"Minimising the use of physical restraint in acute mental health services: the outcome of a restraint reduction programme (\u2018REsTRAIN YOURSELF\u2019)","volume":"95","author":"Duxbury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12248","article-title":"Reducing seclusion and restraints on the inpatient child and adolescent behavioral health unit: a quality improvement study","volume":"32","author":"Eblin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999","article-title":"Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams","volume":"44","author":"Edmondson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0105","series-title":"Human Rights Framework for Restraint: Principles for the Lawful Use of Physical, Chemical, Mechanical and Coercive Restrictive Interventions","author":"Equality and Human Rights Commission","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0110","article-title":"A systematic scoping review on the evidence behind debriefing practices for the wellbeing\/emotional outcomes of healthcare workers","volume":"14","author":"Evans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0115","article-title":"Shared decision-making in post-coercion debriefing interventions in psychiatry \u2013 a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Froelich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0120","first-page":"69","article-title":"WHO\u2019s QualityRights initiative: transforming services and promoting rights in mental health","volume":"22","author":"Funk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Hum. Rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12298","article-title":"Empathic processes during nurse\u2013consumer conflict situations in psychiatric inpatient units: a qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Gerace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.12.002","article-title":"Explorations into the nature and function of compassion","volume":"28","author":"Gilbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.622","article-title":"Bringing together the World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative and the World Psychiatric Association's programme on implementing alternatives to coercion in mental healthcare: a common goal for action","volume":"10","author":"Gill","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2015.09.001","article-title":"Post-seclusion and\/or restraint review in psychiatry: a scoping review","volume":"30","author":"Goulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.01.019","article-title":"Evaluation of seclusion and restraint reduction programs in mental health: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Goulet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12225","article-title":"A pilot study of \u201cpost-seclusion and\/or restraint review\u201d intervention with patients and staff in a mental health setting","volume":"54","author":"Goulet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2025.2478372","article-title":"Service users\u2019 experiences of restrictive practices in adult inpatient mental health services. A systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies","volume":"34","author":"Griffin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20160817-06","article-title":"Effect of complex working conditions on nurses who exert coercive measures in forensic psychiatric care","volume":"54","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychosoc. Nurs. Ment. Health Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.003","article-title":"De-escalation of aggressive behaviour in healthcare settings: concept analysis","volume":"75","author":"Hallett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4060-y","article-title":"Post-incident review after restraint in mental health care \u2014 a potential for knowledge development, recovery promotion and restraint prevention. A scoping review","volume":"19","author":"Hammervold","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05370-8","article-title":"Post-incident reviews\u2014a gift to the ward or just another procedure? Care providers\u2019 experiences and considerations regarding post-incident reviews after restraint in mental health services. A qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Hammervold","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12776","article-title":"Post-incident reviews after restraints\u2014potential and pitfalls. Patients\u2019 experiences and considerations","volume":"29","author":"Hammervold","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4727-4","article-title":"Ethical challenges of seclusion in psychiatric inpatient wards: a qualitative study of the experiences of Norwegian mental health professionals","volume":"19","author":"Haugom","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0190","series-title":"Six Core Strategies for Reducing Seclusion and Restraint Use","author":"Huckshorn","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.018","article-title":"Mental health nurses\u2019 emotions, exposure to patient aggression, attitudes to and use of coercive measures: cross sectional questionnaire survey","volume":"75","author":"Jalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00735-6","article-title":"De-escalation of conflict in forensic mental health inpatient settings: a Theoretical Domains Framework-informed qualitative investigation of staff and patient perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Johnston","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13076","article-title":"Experiences of restrictive interventions in psychiatric health care from the perspectives of patients and health care professionals: meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0210","article-title":"Psychiatric patients experiences with mechanical restraints: an interview study","volume":"2015","author":"Lanth\u00e9n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2012.753558","article-title":"The experience of seclusion and restraint in psychiatric settings: perspectives of patients","volume":"34","author":"Larue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2021.1887978","article-title":"Restrictive practices in adult secure mental health services: a scoping review","volume":"21","author":"Lawrence","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Forensic Ment. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2013.09.020","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of simulation debriefing in health professional education","volume":"34","author":"Levett-Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Today"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000903","article-title":"Understanding mental health service user experiences of restraint through debriefing: a qualitative analysis","volume":"60","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773818791085","article-title":"Immediate staff debriefing following seclusion or restraint use in inpatient mental health settings: a scoping review","volume":"29","author":"Mangaoil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15667","article-title":"The experiences of nurses following seclusion or restraint use and immediate staff debriefing in inpatient mental health settings","volume":"79","author":"Mangaoil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0245","series-title":"Doing Realist Research","first-page":"79","article-title":"Theory and realist methods","author":"Marchal","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0250","article-title":"Staff training in physical interventions: a literature review","volume":"14 - 2023","author":"McDonnell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0255","series-title":"Coercion and Violence in Mental Health Settings","article-title":"Post occurrence review","author":"McKenna","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2025.104300","article-title":"Interventions to develop clinical judgment among nurses: a systematic review with narrative synthesis","volume":"84","author":"Mend\u00edvil-P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurse Educ. Pract."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2009.01419.x","article-title":"Restraint and seclusion: a distressing treatment option?","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13176","article-title":"Forensic mental health nurses\u2019 experiences of rebuilding the therapeutic relationship after an episode of physical restraint in forensic services in Ireland: a qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"Moyles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12451","article-title":"Fear and blame in mental health nurses\u2019 accounts of restrictive practices: implications for the elimination of seclusion and restraint","volume":"27","author":"Muir-Cochrane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0280","series-title":"Violence and Aggression: Short-term Management in Mental Health, Health and Community Settings (NICE Guideline NG10)","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733016674768","article-title":"Patients\u2019 moral views on coercion in mental healthcare","volume":"25","author":"Norvoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs. Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05646-z","article-title":"Exploring psychological safety in healthcare teams to inform the development of interventions: combining observational, survey and interview data","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Donovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819054308530","article-title":"Realist review - a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions","volume":"10","author":"Pawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Serv. Res. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0300","series-title":"Interpersonal Relations in Nursing","author":"Peplau","year":"1952"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12701","article-title":"\u2018Only ever as a last resort\u2019: mental health nurses\u2019 experiences of restrictive practices","volume":"29","author":"Power","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200393","article-title":"Cluster-randomized controlled trial of reducing seclusion and restraint in secured care of men with schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Putkonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0315","series-title":"Post-incident Debriefing Guidance: For Staff Working in Inpatient Settings With Children and Young People","author":"Restraint Reduction Network","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12285","article-title":"An integrative review exploring decision-making factors influencing mental health nurses in the use of restraint","volume":"23","author":"Riahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0325","series-title":"Restraint Reduction Network (RRN): Training Standards","author":"Ridley","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0330","first-page":"24","article-title":"Views on restrictive practices on young people in psychiatric wards","volume":"114","author":"Rippon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs. Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0335","article-title":"Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0340","article-title":"Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"2","author":"Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1108\/JFP-09-2012-0018","article-title":"Evaluating trauma debriefing within the UK prison service","volume":"15","author":"Ruck","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Forensic Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-33","article-title":"Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research","volume":"7","author":"Rycroft-Malone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Implement. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796019000350","article-title":"Reducing coercion in mental healthcare","volume":"28","author":"Sashidharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12966","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of restrictive interventions within inpatient mental health services: a qualitative investigation","volume":"31","author":"Scholes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0365","series-title":"The Developing Mind","author":"Siegel","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0370","series-title":"SAMHSA\u2019s Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-informed Approach","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0375","series-title":"Debriefing Following Seclusion and Restraint: A Summary of the Relevant Literature","author":"Sutton","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1108\/MHRJ-01-2015-0006","article-title":"Trauma-informed mental healthcare in the UK: what is it and how can we further its development?","volume":"21","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ment. Health Rev. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2025.151878","article-title":"Unexpected deaths within psychiatric setting: a scoping review","volume":"56","author":"Tay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12410","article-title":"\u201cTreat me with respect\u201d. A systematic review and thematic analysis of psychiatric patients\u2019 reported perceptions of the situations associated with the process of coercion","volume":"24","author":"Tingleff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2013.809421","article-title":"Group critical incident stress debriefing with emergency services personnel: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Tuckey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0400","series-title":"Realist Evaluation Interviewing \u2013 A \u2018Starter Set\u2019 of Questions","author":"Westhorp","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12023","article-title":"Measuring the impacts of seclusion on psychiatry inpatients and the effectiveness of a pilot single-session post-seclusion counselling intervention","volume":"22","author":"Whitecross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0410","article-title":"RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses","volume":"11","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0415","series-title":"RAMESES II Reporting Standards for Realist Evaluations","first-page":"96","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0420","series-title":"Strategies to End Seclusion and Restraint: WHO QualityRights Specialized Training","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0425","series-title":"WHO QualityRights Training: Humanitarian Edition. Facilitators' Guide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2256","article-title":"Effect of standardized post-coercion review on subjective coercion: results of a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Wullschleger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Nursing Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926003858?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020748926003858?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:19:59Z","timestamp":1792405199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020748926003858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0020748926003858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7489","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Post-incident responses (debriefing) after restrictive interventions in mental health inpatient settings: A realist synthesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Nursing Studies","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2026.105713","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105713"}}