{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:19:32Z","timestamp":1780546772235,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["obstetanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]],"date-time":"2013-08-17T16:30:12Z","timestamp":1376757012000},"page":"316-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Analgesic effects of intrathecal tramadol in patients undergoing caesarean section: a randomised, double-blind study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Subedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.K.","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.K.","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00045","article-title":"Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intrathecal opioids in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"91","author":"Dahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0010","first-page":"275","article-title":"Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an \u2018atypical\u2019 opioid analgesic","volume":"260","author":"Raffa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199700532-00006","article-title":"Pharmacology of tramadol","volume":"53","author":"Dayer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200106000-00040","article-title":"Direct tramadol application on sciatic nerve inhibits spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in rats","volume":"92","author":"Tsai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90642-4","article-title":"Intrathecal injection of codeine, buprenorphine, tilidine, tramadol and nefopam depresses the tail-flick response in rats","volume":"120","author":"Bernatzky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00180.x","article-title":"Tramadol encapsulated into polyhydroxybutyrate microspheres: in vitro release and epidural analgesic effect in rats","volume":"47","author":"Salman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0035","first-page":"61","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of intrathecal morphine and tramadol in rabbits","volume":"38","author":"Al\u0131c\u0131","year":"2006","journal-title":"EAJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg213","article-title":"Effect of intrathecal tramadol administration on postoperative pain after transurethral resection of prostate","volume":"91","author":"Alhashemi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.43166","article-title":"Intrathecal tramadol added to bupivacaine as spinal anesthetic increases analgesic effect of the spinal blockade after major gynecological surgeries","volume":"40","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0050","first-page":"419","article-title":"Single dose intrathecal tramadol in the management of post appendicectomy pain","volume":"18","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.1999.37.2.227","article-title":"The effect of intrathecal tramadol and clonidine on saddle block with heavy bupivacaine","volume":"37","author":"Jung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0060","first-page":"480","article-title":"Which has greater analgesic effect: intrathecal nalbuphine or intrathecal tramadol?","volume":"7","author":"Mostafa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0065","first-page":"87","article-title":"Combined spinal\u2013epidural analgesia in labor-comparison of sufentanil vs tramadol","volume":"19","author":"Frikha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0955-0","article-title":"Different pharmacokinetics of tramadol in mothers treated for labour pain and in their neonates","volume":"61","author":"Claahsen-van der Claahsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1965.tb00523.x","article-title":"A comparison of the hydrochloride and carbon dioxide salts of lidocaine and prilocaine in epidural analgesia","volume":"16","author":"Bromage","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0080","first-page":"305","article-title":"The addition of bupivacaine to intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia","volume":"81","author":"Campbell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000101987.79454.BC","article-title":"Combined spinal\u2013epidural anesthesia using epidural volume extension leads to faster motor recovery after elective cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"98","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199712000-00020","article-title":"Intrathecal sufentanil, fentanyl, or placebo added to bupivacaine for cesarean section","volume":"85","author":"Dahlgren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1191\/096813098668122984","article-title":"The clinical use of tramadol hydrochloride","volume":"5","author":"Bamigbade","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pain Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.1.51","article-title":"Remifentanil and tramadol","volume":"81","author":"Duthie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199346020-00008","article-title":"Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31825683c3","article-title":"Antihypersensitivity effects of tramadol hydrochloride in a rat model of postoperative pain","volume":"115","author":"Kimura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90491-2","article-title":"Effects of tramadol on motor and sensory responses of the spinal nociceptive system in the rat","volume":"139","author":"Carlsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706225","article-title":"Tramadol produces outward currents by activating mu-opioid receptors in adult rat substantia gelatinosa neurones","volume":"145","author":"Koga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-011-1267-4","article-title":"The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal tramadol in rats: the role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00543-4","article-title":"Galanin receptor antagonists attenuate spinal antinociceptive effects of DAMGO, tramadol and non-opioid drugs in rats","volume":"735","author":"Selve","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198307000-00001","article-title":"Effects of epidural anesthesia during labor on maternal plasma beta-endorphin levels","volume":"59","author":"Abboud","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198502000-00022","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid in pregnancy","volume":"62","author":"Spielman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00120-7","article-title":"Gestational and ovarian sex steroid antinociception: relevance of uterine afferent and spinal alpha (2)-noradrenergic activity","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000049683.58980.30","article-title":"The effects of intrathecal tramadol on spinal somatosensory-evoked potentials and motor-evoked responses in rats","volume":"96","author":"Jou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03009627","article-title":"A comparison of epidural tramadol and epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia","volume":"40","author":"Baraka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.3.293","article-title":"Caudal tramadol for postoperative analgesia in pediatric hypospadias surgery","volume":"79","author":"Prosser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg265","article-title":"Inadvertent intrathecal injection of tramadol","volume":"91","author":"Barrett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00885.x","article-title":"Intrathecal granuloma formation in a patient receiving long-term spinal infusion of tramadol","volume":"11","author":"De Andr\u00e9s","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199807000-00014","article-title":"The effect of epidural fentanyl on neonatal respiration","volume":"89","author":"Porter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0180","first-page":"1752","article-title":"Patient controlled intravenous analgesia with tramadol for labor pain relief","volume":"116","author":"Long","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02166.x","article-title":"Tramadol: pain relief by an opioid without depression of respiration","volume":"47","author":"Vickers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2346.1998.0233a.x","article-title":"Comparison of respiratory effects of tramadol and pethidine","volume":"15","author":"Tarkkila","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200060010-00008","article-title":"Tramadol: a review of its use in perioperative pain","volume":"60","author":"Scott","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200106000-00007","article-title":"The neurologic and adaptive capacity score is not a reliable method of newborn evaluation","volume":"94","author":"Halpern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00036","article-title":"Postoperative nausea and vomiting in regional anesthesia: a review","volume":"98","author":"Borgeat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.2457_3.x","article-title":"Postanaesthetic shivering\u2014a new look at tramadol","volume":"57","author":"Mathews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04732.x","article-title":"Tramadol in the treatment of postanesthetic shivering","volume":"41","author":"de Witte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1948.01520180045006","article-title":"Experimental study of itch stimuli in animals","volume":"57","author":"Koenigstein","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch Derm Syphilo"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X13000939?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X13000939?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T17:54:16Z","timestamp":1539453256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959289X13000939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0959289X13000939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718079003.793483591","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0959-289X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-289X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analgesic effects of intrathecal tramadol in patients undergoing caesarean section: a randomised, double-blind study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}