{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1786663512967,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","obstetanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T11:39:28Z","timestamp":1569238768000},"page":"83-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adverse side effects and route of administration of opioids in combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labour: a meta-analysis of randomised trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Grangier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Martinez de Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.L.","family":"Savoldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Irion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0005","first-page":"CD009234","article-title":"Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32204","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labor: breakthrough or unjustified invasion?","volume":"26","author":"Landau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0015","first-page":"282","article-title":"Comparison of combined spinal epidural technique and low dose epidural technique in progress of labour","volume":"52","author":"Bhagwat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92602-X","article-title":"Randomised comparison of combined spinal-epidural and standard epidural analgesia in labour","volume":"345","author":"Collis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0025","first-page":"485","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural block versus continuous epidural block in labor analgesia for primiparous women: Newborns and women outcomes","volume":"31","author":"De Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.5.756","article-title":"Comparison of low-dose epidural with combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labour","volume":"83","author":"Dresner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31827e4e29","article-title":"A randomized controlled comparison of epidural analgesia and combined spinal-epidural analgesia in a private practice setting: Pain scores during first and second stages of labor and at delivery","volume":"116","author":"Gambling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0040","first-page":"217","article-title":"Estudio comparativo de la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia epidural continua y la analgesia intradural-epidural para el trabajo de parto","volume":"48","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818f896f","article-title":"A randomized trial of break-through pain during combined spinal-epidural versus epidural labor analgesia in parous women","volume":"108","author":"Goodman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000603400604","article-title":"Comparison of epidural and combined spinal-epidural analgesia in the management of labour without pain","volume":"34","author":"Kayacan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0055","first-page":"PI87-91","article-title":"Comparison of intrathecal levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl in combined spinal epidural for labor analgesia","volume":"10","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0060","first-page":"639","article-title":"Combined spinal epidural for labour analgesia\u2013duration, efficacy and side effects of adding sufentanil or fentanyl to bupivacaine intrathecally vs plain bupivacaine","volume":"40","author":"Lo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0065","first-page":"353","article-title":"Regional versus IV analgesics in labor","volume":"102","author":"Sweed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199910000-00010","article-title":"Is combined spinal-epidural analgesia associated with more rapid cervical dilation in nulliparous patients when compared with conventional epidural analgesia?","volume":"91","author":"Tsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0075","first-page":"129","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of epidural and combined spinal epidural analgesia during labor","volume":"50","author":"Van de Velde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199104000-00015","article-title":"Intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg versus epidural bupivacaine 0.125% or their combination: effects on parturients","volume":"74","author":"Abouleish","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.04.004","article-title":"Effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia versus epidural analgesia on labor and delivery duration","volume":"114","author":"Pascual-Ramirez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-199419010-00002","article-title":"Subarachnoid morphine and fentanyl for labor analgesia. Efficacy and adverse effects","volume":"19","author":"Caldwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-9356(08)70589-9","article-title":"Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine in combined spinal-epidural obstetric analgesia","volume":"55","author":"Marcos Vidal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0100","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural analgesia and epidural analgesia in labor: effect of intrathecal fentanyl vs. epidural bupivacaine as a bolus","volume":"90","author":"Ngamprasertwong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-199823050-00005","article-title":"Intrathecal sufentanil and epidural bupivacaine for labor analgesia: Dose-response of individual agents and in combination","volume":"23","author":"Camann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0110","first-page":"186","article-title":"Perispinal analgesia for labour followed by patient-controlled infusion with bupivacaine and sufentanil. Combined spinal\u2013epidural vs. epidural analgesia alone","volume":"21","author":"Vernis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199707000-00023","article-title":"Severe maternal hypotension and fetal bradycardia after a combined spinal epidural anesthetic","volume":"87","author":"D'Angelo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199410000-00041","article-title":"Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia?","volume":"81","author":"Clarke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1053\/rapm.2001.22258","article-title":"Fetal heart rate abnormalities after regional analgesia for labor pain: the effect of intrathecal opioids","volume":"26","author":"Van de Velde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01380.x","article-title":"Fetal bradycardia due to intrathecal opioids for labour analgesia: a systematic review","volume":"109","author":"Mardirosoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001412","article-title":"The effect of combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in laboring women on nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Hattler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0140","first-page":"453","article-title":"Sequential CSE vs EA in orthopaedic and gynaecological surgery: a comparative evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0145","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Sequential combined spinal epidural block versus spinal block for cesarean delivery: effects on maternal hypotension and neurobehavioral function of the newborn","volume":"78","author":"Thor\u00e9n","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0150","first-page":"23","article-title":"Intrathecal opioids versus epidural local anesthetics for labor analgesia: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Bucklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1053\/rapm.2001.27851","article-title":"Effects of intrathecal sufentanil on plasma oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in women during the first stage of labor","volume":"26","author":"Stocche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942007000100005","article-title":"Labor analgesia: a comparative study between combined spinal-epidural anesthesia versus continuous epidural anesthesia","volume":"57","author":"C\u00f4rtes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0175","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Two doses of intrathecal sufentanil (2.5 and 5\u202f\u03bcg) combined with bupivacaine and epinephrine for labor","volume":"89","author":"Mardirosoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302009000400014","article-title":"Effects on mother and fetus of epidural and combined spinal-epidural techniques for labor analgesia","volume":"55","author":"Nakamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199710000-00022","article-title":"A comparison of the effect of intrathecal and extradural fentanyl on gastric emptying in laboring women","volume":"85","author":"Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818f5eb6","article-title":"Elevation of uterine basal tone and fetal heart rate abnormalities after labor analgesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"113","author":"Abr\u00e3o","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(99)80122-1","article-title":"Obstetrical analgesia: epidural versus combined spinal epidural analgesia","volume":"5","author":"Roux","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-70942007000200001","article-title":"Side effects of subarachnoid and epidural sufentanil associated with a local anesthetic in patients undergoing labor analgesia","volume":"57","author":"Salem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001798","article-title":"Dural puncture epidural technique improves labor analgesia quality with fewer side effects compared with epidural and combined spinal epidural techniques: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Chau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05251-X","article-title":"Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"358","author":"Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200212000-00032","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing traditional with two \u201cmobile\u201d epidural techniques: anesthetic and analgesic efficacy","volume":"97","author":"Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05756.x","article-title":"Ambulation in labour and delivery mode: A randomised controlled trial of high-dose vs mobile epidural analgesia","volume":"64","author":"Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen313","article-title":"Urinary catheterization in labour with high-dose vs mobile epidural analgesia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2009.06136.x","article-title":"Epidural analgesia and breastfeeding: A randomised controlled trial of epidural techniques with and without fentanyl and a non-epidural comparison group","volume":"65","author":"Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial (COMET) Study Group UK","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018918","article-title":"Comparison of combined spinal-epidural and low dose epidural for labour analgesia","volume":"47","author":"Hepner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712113372402","article-title":"Epidural analgesia compared with combined spinal\u2013epidural analgesia during labor in nulliparous women","volume":"337","author":"Nageotte","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01071.x","article-title":"Speed of onset of regional analgesia in labour: a comparison of the epidural and spinal routes","volume":"55","author":"Nickells","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200110000-00020","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural labor analgesia","volume":"95","author":"Norris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0255","first-page":"66","article-title":"Can combined spinal-epidural analgesia be an alternative to epidural analgesia alone in labour?","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6lmez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12602","article-title":"Fetal effects of combined spinal-epidural vs epidural labour analgesia: a prospective, randomised double-blind study","volume":"69","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1998.00523.x","article-title":"Regional analgesia in early active labour: combined spinal epidural vs. epidural","volume":"53","author":"Price","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2007.02.007","article-title":"Efficacy of patient-controlled epidural analgesia after initiation with epidural or combined spinal-epidural analgesia","volume":"16","author":"Sezer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.019","article-title":"Adverse effects of combined spinal-epidural versus traditional epidural analgesia during labor","volume":"106","author":"Skupski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000101980.34587.66","article-title":"Intrathecal sufentanil and fetal heart rate abnormalities: a double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial comparing two forms of combined spinal epidural analgesia with epidural analgesia in labor","volume":"98","author":"Van de Velde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0285","first-page":"31","article-title":"Progress in analgesia for labor: Focus on neuraxial blocks","volume":"1","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2009","journal-title":"IJWH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000169230.53067.49","article-title":"Neuraxial analgesia and fetal bradycardia","volume":"18","author":"Van de Velde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317120-00003","article-title":"Intrathecal opioids for combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labour","volume":"17","author":"DeBalli","year":"2003","journal-title":"CNS Drug"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200305090-00004","article-title":"Effects of obstetric analgesics and anesthetics on the neonate: a review","volume":"5","author":"Mattingly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199810000-00022","article-title":"The tocolytic effect of catecholamines in the gravid rat uterus","volume":"87","author":"Segal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0310","first-page":"378","article-title":"Fetal bradycardia and uterine hyperactivity following subarachnoid administration of fentanyl during labor","volume":"22","author":"Friedlander","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1054\/ijoa.2000.0746","article-title":"Intrathecal opioids and fetal bradycardia: Is there a link?","volume":"9","author":"Norris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00001503-200206000-00004","article-title":"Neuraxial opioids for labour analgesia: analgesic efficiency and effect on labour","volume":"15","author":"Van de Velde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004_b0325","first-page":"81","article-title":"Intrathecal opioids in the management of acute postoperative pain","volume":"8","author":"Hindle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJA Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X19305485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X19305485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:01:02Z","timestamp":1760698862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959289X19305485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0959289X19305485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-289X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-289X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adverse side effects and route of administration of opioids in combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labour: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.09.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}