{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:33:04Z","timestamp":1790188384671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020292","name":"Pacira BioSciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013738","name":"Pacira BioSciences Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","obstetanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T11:43:40Z","timestamp":1677498220000},"page":"103644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery in the United States of America: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3737-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Landau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.F.","family":"Cavanaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"DiGiorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343","article-title":"The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990\u20132014","volume":"11","author":"Betran","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2018","volume":"68","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0015","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Most common operations during inpatient stays. Available at: https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/faststats\/NationalProceduresServlet. Accessed November 12, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.003","article-title":"Opioid prescribing patterns among postpartum women","volume":"219","author":"Badreldin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002093","article-title":"Patterns of opioid prescription and use after cesarean delivery","volume":"130","author":"Bateman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.03.016","article-title":"Persistent opioid use following cesarean delivery: patterns and predictors among opioid-naive women","volume":"215","author":"Bateman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1","article-title":"Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use\u2014United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0040","unstructured":"Methodological resources: tool to assess risk of bias in cohort studies. Available at: https:\/\/www.evidencepartners.com\/resources\/methodological-resources\/. Accessed February 12, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.026","article-title":"Delivery type, opioid prescribing, and the risk of persistent opioid use after delivery","volume":"220","author":"Osmundson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197863","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.7863","article-title":"Rates of new persistent opioid use after vaginal or cesarean birth among US women","volume":"2","author":"Peahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3298","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for chronic opioid use among opioid-naive patients in the postoperative period","volume":"176","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003265","article-title":"Persistent postoperative opioid use: a systematic literature search of definitions and population-based cohort study","volume":"132","author":"Jivraj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2022.103254","article-title":"Incidence of persistent postpartum opioid use by mode of delivery: a 2016 cohort study of Danish women","volume":"50","author":"Thomsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0070","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. opioid prescribing rate maps. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/maps\/rxrate-maps.html. Accessed November 13, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204514","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4514","article-title":"Indication-specific opioid prescribing for US patients with Medicaid or private insurance, 2017","volume":"3","author":"Mikosz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00814-4","article-title":"Availibility of medications for the treatment of alcohol and opioid use disorder in the USA","volume":"17","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2138453","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.38453","article-title":"Substitution of nonpharmacologic therapy with opioid prescribing for pain during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1","article-title":"Opioid use disorder documented at delivery hospitalization \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132014","volume":"67","author":"Haight","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002094","article-title":"A shared decision-making intervention to guide opioid prescribing after cesarean delivery","volume":"130","author":"Prabhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X23000201?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959289X23000201?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:04:32Z","timestamp":1760699072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959289X23000201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0959289X23000201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-289X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-289X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery in the United States of America: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2023.103644","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103644"}}