{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:31:04Z","timestamp":1787740264154,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,25]],"date-time":"2005-06-25T11:39:08Z","timestamp":1119699548000},"page":"859-870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prospective evaluation of a pragmatic treatment rationale: open reduction and internal fixation of displaced and dislocated condyle and condylar head fractures and closed reduction of non-displaced, non-dislocated fractures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"C.A.","family":"Landes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lipphardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-117X(79)80036-0","article-title":"A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch","volume":"17","author":"Al-Kayat","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80507-7","article-title":"Current consensus on the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle. A method by questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80504-1","article-title":"A pragmatic approach to the management of condylar fractures","volume":"27","author":"Banks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib4","first-page":"288","article-title":"The retromandibular approach in fractures of the mandibular condyle","volume":"98","author":"Cheynet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(97)80794-1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint after functional treatment of bilateral condylar fractures","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(99)80023-7","article-title":"Evaluation of condylar neck fracture plating techniques","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80347-7","article-title":"Short retromandibular approach of subcondylar fractures: clinical and radiolographic long-term evaluation","volume":"82","author":"Chossegros","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(89)80009-8","article-title":"15 years follow-up on condylar fractures","volume":"18","author":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014531","article-title":"Condylar neck fractures","volume":"4","author":"Eckelt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib10","first-page":"158","article-title":"Clinical, radiographic and axiographic control after traction screw osteosynthesis of fractures of the mandibular condyle region","volume":"96","author":"Eckelt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(93)90285-C","article-title":"Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures","volume":"76","author":"Ellis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.8734","article-title":"Surgical complications with open treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90867-4","article-title":"Further displacement of condylar process fractures after closed treatment","volume":"57","author":"Ellis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)90047-8","article-title":"Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.7253","article-title":"Facial asymmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.21873","article-title":"Bite forces after open or closed treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures","volume":"59","author":"Ellis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)80010-5","article-title":"Open treatment of condylar process fractures: assessment of adequacy of repositioning and maintenance of stability","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200103000-00013","article-title":"Fractures of mandible: is spontaneous healing possible? Why? When?","volume":"12","author":"Guerrisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib19","first-page":"36","article-title":"Die Regenerationsf\u00e4higkeit des Processus condylaris mandibulae","volume":"46","author":"Gundlach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahn\u00e4rztl Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(00)90048-X","article-title":"Discussion on: Ellis E, Simon P, Throckmorton G. Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process","volume":"58","author":"Hammer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib21","first-page":"101","article-title":"Studies on function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. II. Index for anamnestic and clinical dysfunction and occlusal state","volume":"67","author":"Helkimo","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sven Tandlak Tidskr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib22","unstructured":"Henny FA. A technique for open reduction for fractures of the mandibular condyle. 1951: 9: 233\u2013237."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.33246","article-title":"Assessment of patients treated for intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle by closed techniques","volume":"60","author":"Hlawitschka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80056-3","article-title":"Long-term results of nonsurgical management of condylar fractures in children","volume":"28","author":"Hovinga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(88)90462-4","article-title":"Intraoral opern reduction with rigid internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fractures","volume":"46","author":"Jeter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib26","first-page":"64","article-title":"Surgical treatment of old dislocated condylar process fractures","volume":"36","author":"Jing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80505-3","article-title":"Therapy of condylar neck fractures","volume":"27","author":"Joos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib28","first-page":"165","article-title":"Recording mandibular movement: technical and clinical limitations of the Sirognathograph","volume":"8","author":"Kazazoglu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib29","first-page":"25","article-title":"Surgical approaches to mandibular condylar fractures: a review","volume":"5","author":"Kempers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90395-G","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative treatment of unilateral condylar process fractures: clinical and radiographic evaluation of 80 patients","volume":"50","author":"Konstantinovic","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1061-3315(18)30092-1","article-title":"Treatment of mandibular-condylar fractures","volume":"5","author":"Krenkel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib32","unstructured":"Landes CA. Sonographic norm ranges for condylar translation and joint space width in class I, II, and III individuals. Comparison of non-symptomatic to symptomatic joints. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib33","first-page":"352","article-title":"Sonography of the temporomandibular joint from 60 examinations and comparison with MRI and axiography","volume":"28","author":"Landes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(91)90403-9","article-title":"Establishing new standards","volume":"49","author":"Laskin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90629-8","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures","volume":"57","author":"Lauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2000.0457","article-title":"Fractures of the mandibular condyle. Part 2: results of treatment of 348 patients","volume":"38","author":"Marker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1064-7406(23)00209-2","article-title":"Pediatric mandibular injury","volume":"7","author":"Marshall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib38","first-page":"136","article-title":"Transoral minplate osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle fractures\u2014optimizing the surgical method","volume":"41","author":"Mokros","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s100060050088","article-title":"New aspects for indications of surgical management of intra-articular and high temporomandibular dislocation fractures","volume":"3","author":"Neff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-001-0345-4","article-title":"Operative versus conservative therapy of condylar head and high condylar fractures","volume":"6","author":"Neff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80132-6","article-title":"Pediatric condylar fractures: a long-term follow-up study of 55 patients","volume":"51","author":"Norholt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(82)80011-6","article-title":"Fractures of the mandible: a review of 580 cases","volume":"40","author":"Olson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90810-8","article-title":"Mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures","volume":"57","author":"Palmieri","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib44","first-page":"418","article-title":"\u00dcber Frakturen un Luxationsfrakturen des Kieferk\u00f6pfchens und ihre operative Behandlung [dislocated fractures of the mandibular candyle and their operative treatment]","volume":"133","author":"Perthes","year":"1924","journal-title":"Arch Klein Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib45","first-page":"413","article-title":"Diakapitul\u00e4re Frakturen der Mandibula. Eine neue Operationsmethode und erste Ergebnisse","volume":"90","author":"Rasse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Z Stomatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib46","first-page":"49","article-title":"Intra- und extrakapsul\u00e4re Kondylusfrakturen im Wachstumsalter. Therapie, Verlauf, Komplikationen","volume":"46","author":"Rasse","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahn\u00e4rztl Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(89)80100-4","article-title":"Open reduction of the dislocated, fractured condylar process: indications and surgical procedures","volume":"47","author":"Raveh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib48","series-title":"Fractures of the facial skeleton","author":"Rowe","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90276-8","article-title":"Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment","volume":"57","author":"Santler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Causes, frequency, and localization of craniofacial fractures","volume":"11","author":"Schuchardt","year":"1966","journal-title":"Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90484-H","article-title":"Different patterns of condylar fractures: an analysis of 382 patients in a 3-year period","volume":"50","author":"Silvernooinen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90219-4","article-title":"Analysis of possible factors leading to problems after nonsurgical treatment of condylar fractures","volume":"52","author":"Silvennoinen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80615-0","article-title":"Occlusal and temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with unilateral condylar fracture. A prospective one-year study","volume":"27","author":"Silvennoinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib54","first-page":"136","article-title":"Gelenkfortsatz und Kieferk\u00f6pfchenfrakturen","volume":"Vol 1","author":"Spiessl","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80200-8","article-title":"Conservative treatment of unilateral condylar fractures in children: a long-term clinical and radiological follow-up of 55 patients","volume":"28","author":"Strobl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(90)90535-A","article-title":"Comparison of functional recovery after nonsurgical and surgical recovery of condylar fractures","volume":"48","author":"Takenoshita","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.23369","article-title":"Condylar process fractures in children. A follow-up study of fractures with total dislocation of the condyle from the glenoid fossa","volume":"59","author":"Thoren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(00)80072-7","article-title":"Recovery of mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures","volume":"29","author":"Throckmorton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2000.0123","article-title":"Functional reconstruction of the TM joint in cases of severely displaced fractures and fracture dislocation","volume":"28","author":"Umstadt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cranio Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90436-7","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of unilateral dislocated low subcondylar fractures","volume":"52","author":"Worsaae","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00014","article-title":"Functional results of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures after open and closed treatment","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(83)90214-8","article-title":"Indications for open reduction of mandibular condylar fractures","volume":"41","author":"Zide","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/13.1.27","article-title":"Comparison of \u201cnormal\u201d TMJ-function in class I, II, and III individuals","volume":"13","author":"Zimmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Orthodont"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0901502705001438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0901502705001438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T04:58:27Z","timestamp":1706331507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0901502705001438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0901502705001438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0901-5027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0901-5027","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}