{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T01:08:10Z","timestamp":1775524090404,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,27]],"date-time":"2010-11-27T09:36:21Z","timestamp":1290850581000},"page":"155-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The utility of toluidine blue staining and brush cytology as adjuncts in clinical examination of suspicious oral mucosal lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"G\u00fcneri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.B.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Veral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kazand\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Boyacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.11.001","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"103","author":"Al-Hashimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00191.x","article-title":"An international collaborative group on oral white lesions. Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco-related lesions: conclusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, May 18\u201321 1994","volume":"25","author":"Axell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24089","article-title":"Low positive predictive value of the oral brush biopsy in detecting dysplastic oral lesions","volume":"115","author":"Bhoopathi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06397.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions","volume":"5","author":"Driemel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.10.004","article-title":"The relevance of the high positive predictive value of the oral brush biopsy","volume":"41","author":"Eisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.16629","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a benign lesion","volume":"58","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10309","article-title":"The utility of tolonium chloride rinse in the diagnosis of recurrent or second primary cancers in patients with prior upper aerodigestive tract cancer","volume":"25","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90117-7","article-title":"The utility of toluidine blue application as a diagnostic aid in patients previously treated for upper oropharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"83","author":"Epstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20637","article-title":"Utility of toluidine blue in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma: continuing research and implications for clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Epstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00094.x","article-title":"Toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine application in the assessment of oral malignant disease and lesions at risk of malignancy","volume":"21","author":"Epstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.11.007","article-title":"Reply: defining the risk of premalignant lesions","volume":"45","author":"Epstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2007.08.011","article-title":"Analysis of oral lesion biopsies identified and evaluated by visual examination, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue","volume":"44","author":"Epstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.97","article-title":"Increased allelic loss in toluidine blue positive oral malignant lesions","volume":"95","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0070","first-page":"17","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions","volume":"68","author":"Epstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.06.016","article-title":"Toluidine blue uptake in potentially malignant oral lesions in vivo: clinical and histological assessment","volume":"42","author":"Gandolfo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0080","unstructured":"Gray MGL, Burls A, Elley K. The clinical effectiveness of toluidine blue dye as an adjunct to oral cancer screening in general dental practice. A West Midlands Development and Evaluation Service Report. http:\/\/www.pcpoh.bham.ac.uk\/publichealth\/wmhtac\/pdf\/toludine_blue.pdf; 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0085","first-page":"1963","article-title":"Allelic losses in OraTest-directed biopsies of patients with prior upper aerodigestive tract malignancies","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00119-5","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene of oral cancer detected by exfoliative cytology","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.12.014","article-title":"Evaluation of a new binary system of grading oral epithelial dysplasia for prediction of malignant transformation","volume":"42","author":"Kujan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00187.x","article-title":"Influence of years of professional experience in relation to the diagnostic skill of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in identifying oral cancer and precancerous lesions","volume":"58","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jornet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1983.0063","article-title":"Final evaluation of tolonium chloride rinse for screening of high-risk patients with asymptomatic squamous carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Mashberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800815)46:4<758::AID-CNCR2820460420>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Re-evaluation of toluidine blue application as a diagnostic adjunct in the detection of asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: a continuing prospective study of oral cancer","volume":"46","author":"Mashberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-5-11","article-title":"Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions","volume":"5","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911001)68:7<1611::AID-CNCR2820680724>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Detection of field change in oral cancer using exfoliative cytologic study","volume":"68","author":"Ogden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.4.352","article-title":"Keratin profiles of normal and malignant oral mucosa using exfoliative cytology","volume":"46","author":"Ogden","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2001.112949","article-title":"Reliability of toluidine blue application in the detection of oral epithelial dysplasia and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"91","author":"Onofre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0135","unstructured":"Oral Cancer Foundation. http:\/\/www.oralcancerfoundation.org\/products\/detailed_ brush_cytology.htm [accessed 24.04.2009]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0276","article-title":"Adjuncts for oral cancer examination and lesion diagnosis: a systematic review of literature","volume":"139","author":"Patton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00083-6","article-title":"The effectiveness of community-based visual screening and utility of adjunctive diagnostic aids in the early detection of oral cancer","volume":"39","author":"Patton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.02.005","article-title":"An audit of the efficacy of the oral brush biopsy technique in a specialist Oral Medicine unit","volume":"40","author":"Poate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2004.10.008","article-title":"Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial dysplasia","volume":"34","author":"Ram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-001-0132-5","article-title":"Identification of risk groups for oral precancer and cancer and preventive measures","volume":"5","author":"Reichart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Oral Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00362-7","article-title":"Oral brush biopsy: the problem of false positives","volume":"96","author":"Rick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.02.004","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of the OralCDx technique: evaluation of 103 cases","volume":"40","author":"Scheifele","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1999.0055","article-title":"Improving detection of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions","volume":"130","author":"Scuibba","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881015)62:1+<1796::AID-CNCR2820621319>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Early diagnosis of oral cancer","volume":"62","author":"Silverman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.16630","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a potentially premalignant lesion","volume":"58","author":"Silverman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90154-3","article-title":"Toluidine blue staining in the detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions","volume":"57","author":"Silverman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Medicine Oral Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0195","first-page":"500","article-title":"Comparison of computer-assisted brush biopsy results with follow up scalpel biopsy and histology","volume":"50","author":"Svirsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0200","first-page":"E310","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a critical appraisal with emphasis on the diagnostic aspects","volume":"14","author":"van der Waal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.016","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa: terminology, classification and present concepts of management","volume":"45","author":"van der Waal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00201.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of OraScan (R) toluidine blue mouthrinse in the detection of oral cancer and precancer","volume":"25","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/PCR.0b013e3181647803","article-title":"Keratinizing dysplasia of the upper aerodigestive tract","volume":"13","author":"Wenig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathol Case Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880520","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: precursors and problematic variant","volume":"15","author":"Wenig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(78)90383-3","article-title":"Definitions of leukoplakia and related lesions: an aid to studies on oral precancers","volume":"46","author":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Precancerous Lesions","year":"1978","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3153","article-title":"Toluidine blue staining identifies high risk primary oral premalignant lesions with poor outcome","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0901502710004704?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0901502710004704?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T15:53:44Z","timestamp":1559836424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0901502710004704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0901502710004704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0901-5027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0901-5027","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}