{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:30:34Z","timestamp":1790361034292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ijoms.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T02:16:14Z","timestamp":1592878574000},"page":"14-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Malignant transformation of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a series of 48 patients with suggestions for management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Favia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9819-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Capodiferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Limongelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tempesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Maiorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0005","series-title":"Oral Precancer\u2014Diagnosis and Management of Potentially Malignant Disorders","first-page":"31","article-title":"Oral carcinogenesis","author":"Thomson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.05.016","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa: terminology, classification and present concepts of management","volume":"45","author":"van der Waal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa","volume":"36","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12625","article-title":"Profiling cancer risk in oral potentially malignant disorders\u2014a patient cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.02.1026","article-title":"Oral lichenoid lesions: a significant diagnosis in oral potentially malignant disorder management?","volume":"46","author":"Goodson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.121","article-title":"Oral lichenoid lesions: distinguishing the benign from the deadly","volume":"30","author":"Muller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12716","article-title":"Potentially malignant disorders revisited\u2014the lichenoid lesion\/proliferative verrucous leukoplakia conundrum","volume":"47","author":"Thomson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0792-3","article-title":"Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumours of the Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-018-0893-7","article-title":"A retrospective 20-year analysis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its progression to malignancy and association with high-risk human papillomavirus","volume":"12","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815586779","article-title":"Optimal management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"153","author":"Abadie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24845","article-title":"Management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: justification for a conservative approach","volume":"39","author":"Borgna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.10.008","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: unusual locations of oral squamous cell carcinomas, and field cancerization as shown by the appearance of multiple OSCCs","volume":"40","author":"Bag\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0065","first-page":"229","article-title":"Transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral carcinoma: a ten years follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Navarro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.05.008","article-title":"Malignant transformation of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia to oral squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 55 cases","volume":"47","author":"Bagan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(85)90313-5","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long-term study of thirty patients","volume":"60","author":"Hansen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(99)00092-5","article-title":"A modified classification and staging system for oral leukoplakia","volume":"36","author":"van der Waal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e839","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.15.e839","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a proposal for diagnostic criteria","volume":"15","author":"Cerero-Lapiedra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12830","article-title":"Proliferative leukoplakia: proposed new clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"24","author":"Villa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(99)00007-X","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related lesions","volume":"35","author":"Batsakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0100","first-page":"4491","article-title":"Exophytic verrucous hyperplasia of the oral cavity\u2014application of standardized criteria for diagnosis from a consensus report","volume":"17","author":"Zain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19801015)46:8<1855::AID-CNCR2820460825>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Verrucous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa","volume":"46","author":"Shear","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.03.016","article-title":"DNA ploidy in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia","volume":"43","author":"Klanrit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298249","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/298249","article-title":"Verrucous papillary lesions: dilemmas in diagnosis and terminology","volume":"2013","author":"Kallarakkal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80303-9","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a report of ten cases","volume":"82","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0125","first-page":"e142","article-title":"Letter to the Editor: Development of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) in oral lichen planus: is it not a clinical spectrum of PVL?","volume":"22","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0130","first-page":"E118","article-title":"Oral lichenoid disease as a premalignant condition: the controversies and the unknown","volume":"14","author":"Cort\u00e9s-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.147830","article-title":"Oral lichenoid lesions\u2014a review and update","volume":"60","author":"Kamath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2018.08.010","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Okoturo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.060","article-title":"Premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions: clinical and pathological findings","volume":"81","author":"Maymone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2004.02.007","article-title":"Proliferative verrucous vs conventional leukoplakia: no significantly increased risk of HPV infection","volume":"40","author":"Campisi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.12.066","article-title":"Lack of association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and human papillomavirus infection","volume":"65","author":"Bagan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0160","first-page":"6","article-title":"Oral mucosa alterations in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis due to HBV or HCV infection","volume":"47","author":"Sulka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0258","article-title":"Lack of association between hepatitis C virus and oral epithelial dysplasia in British patients","volume":"32","author":"Jaber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24635","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection in a metropolitan area in Southern Italy: tail of a cohort infected in past decades","volume":"89","author":"Morisco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24840","article-title":"Declining unawareness of HCV-infection parallel to declining prevalence in Southern Italy","volume":"89","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12036","article-title":"High incidence of DNA ploidy abnormalities and increased Mcm2 expression may predict malignant change in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia","volume":"62","author":"Gouv\u00eaa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-018-0156-2","article-title":"Diode laser surgery in the treatment of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia associated with HPV-16 infection","volume":"40","author":"Bombeccari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.11.001","article-title":"Interventional laser surgery for oral potentially malignant disorders: a longitudinal patient cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3414","article-title":"A case report of conservative management of extensive proliferative verrucous leukoplakia using a carbon dioxide laser","volume":"31","author":"Chainani-Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.183043","article-title":"Diode laser: in treatment of recurrent verrucous leukoplakia","volume":"7","author":"Giri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2674-7","article-title":"Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia treated with carbon dioxide laser: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02932-z","article-title":"Early tongue carcinomas (clinical stage I and II): echo-guided three-dimensional diode laser mini-invasive surgery with evaluation of histological prognostic parameters. A study of 85 cases with prolonged follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Limongelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S090150272030206X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S090150272030206X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T12:33:30Z","timestamp":1760272410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S090150272030206X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S090150272030206X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0901-5027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0901-5027","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Malignant transformation of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a series of 48 patients with suggestions for management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2020.05.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}