{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:58:12Z","timestamp":1791244692118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine contains live attenuated\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacte-rium bovis;<\/jats:italic>\n                      was first used in humans to prevent tuberculosis (TB) in 1921. The World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974 to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines including BCG. Each year 120 million doses of BCG vaccine are administered worldwide. Intradermal BCG vaccine gives rise to a classic primary complex that consists of a cutaneous nodule at the site of injection and subclinical involvement of the regional lymph nodes, which is self-limiting and requires no treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>However, ipsilateral regional lymph node enlargement may follow BCG vaccine and is consid-ered as the most common complication, some progress to suppuration. Rarely a disseminated BCG infection may develop in immunocompromised individuals resulting in a devastating outcome. Within the last decades, variable strategies have been applied in treating lymphad-enitis related to BCG vaccine, ranging from observation, anti-mycobacterial therapy, aspiration, incision and drainage to lymph node surgical excision.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>We are presenting these guidelines that intended to optimize and standardize management of various types of BCG related lymph adenitis in children. They are based upon the best avail-able evidence in literature beside our experience in this field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T10:33:46Z","timestamp":1432895626000},"page":"89-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccine related lymphadenitis in 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