{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:50Z","timestamp":1787771990377,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Pubertal gynaecomastia affects up to 70% of male adolescents, with the highest prevalence occurring at 14 years of age. While spontaneous regression occurs in 90% of cases within three years, until then, symptoms of mastodynia and psychological distress are preva-lent in some patients prior to surgical treatment. Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM), given at 20 mg daily for six months, was found to be a safe, well- tolerated and effective alternative treatment to current therapeutic options of watchful wait-ing (no management) and invasive cosmetic surgery. No adverse effects were observed in hor-monal and auxological studies. The patient presented was able to avoid undergoing surgery, which should be reserved for persistent gynaecomastia present at the end of puberty after failing a trial of tamoxifen. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed for definitive ther-apeutic recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,25]],"date-time":"2015-10-25T15:35:37Z","timestamp":1445787337000},"page":"152-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tamoxifen to treat male pubertal gynaecomastia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Zehetner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3414","article-title":"Adolescent and young adult male health: a review","volume":"132","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R2-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.03.057","article-title":"Beneficial effects of raloxifene and tamoxifen in the treatment of pu-bertal gynecomastia","volume":"145","author":"Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R3-11-20240318","first-page":"301","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of physiological gynaecomastia","volume":"327","author":"Khan","year":"9","journal-title":"BMJ 2003 Aug"},{"key":"R4-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347166","article-title":"Gynecomastia in adolescent males","volume":"27","author":"Lemaine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"key":"R5-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f9581c","article-title":"Breast cancer incidence in adolescent males undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy for gynecomastia: is pathologic examination justified? A retrospective and literature review","volume":"127","author":"Koshy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R6-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.129104","article-title":"Gynecomastia: clinical evaluation and management","volume":"18","author":"Cuhaci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R8-11-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0052","article-title":"Tamoxifen ther-apy for the management of pubertal gynecomastia: a sys-tematic review","volume":"26","author":"Lapid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocr Met"},{"key":"R9-11-20240318","first-page":"237","article-title":"Question 2","volume":"95","author":"Maidment","year":"2010","journal-title":"Which medications effectively reduce pubertal gynaecomastia? Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352646715001027?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352646715001027?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01863514-201502030-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:25:07Z","timestamp":1787768707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01863514-201502030-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-6467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-6467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tamoxifen to treat male pubertal gynaecomastia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (General Organization), Saudi Arabia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}