{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:43:48Z","timestamp":1786653828685,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foreign body injury (FBI) is a considerable public health issue for children. Although the relationships of FBI with age, gender, and objects of injury have been studied, the extent to which other demographic factors influence FBI is unclear. We hypothesized that the risk for FBI increases with the number of children in the house-hold.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and settings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of 223 patients aged 2\u201410 years who presented to the emergency department of an inner-city pediatric hospital and who were found to have FBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guardians were contacted via phone to examine the associations of FBI with income, parental educational level, number of children in the household, and birth order while controlling with a matched population of 250 patients. Statistical analyses using frequencies and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For each increase in the number of children, the risk of FBI increased 1.44-fold (OR = 1.442). With each increase in the number of caregivers, the risk of a FBI decreased 33% (OR = 0.673). With each increase in income category, the risk of a FBI decreased 59% (OR = 0.413).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that an increase in the number of children in a household is associated with a greater risk of FBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T12:00:25Z","timestamp":1453896025000},"page":"7-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Foreign body injuries in children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Jariwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kratimenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Koutroulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.863906","article-title":"2012 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers\u2019 National Poison Data System (NPDS): 30th annual report","volume":"51","author":"Mowry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila"},{"key":"R3-2-20240318","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat","volume":"76","author":"Heim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R4-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.5935\/1808-8694.20130128","article-title":"ENT foreign bodies: profile of the cases seen at a tertiary hospital emergency care unit","volume":"79","author":"Mangussi-Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R5-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.09.020","article-title":"Self-inserted foreign body and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: evaluated by the Conners\u2019 parent rating scales-revised","volume":"77","author":"Ozcan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R7-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2006.03.018","article-title":"Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Melanesian children: an analysis of 1037 cases","volume":"70","author":"Endican","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R8-2-20240318","first-page":"17","article-title":"Review of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Sarawak General Hospital. A five year experience","volume":"67","author":"Chiun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Malays"},{"key":"R9-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.09.005","article-title":"Food choking hazards in children","volume":"77","author":"Sidell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R10-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2013.846446","article-title":"Fatal aspiration of foreign bodies in infants and children","volume":"33","author":"Bamber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fetal Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"R11-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.12.026","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration in children: a nationwide survey in Japan","volume":"73","author":"Higuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R12-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2004.00310","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration in infants and toddlers: recent trends in British Columbia","volume":"33","author":"Morley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R13-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200207000-00014","article-title":"Emergency department management of foreign bodies of the external ear canal in children","volume":"23","author":"DiMuzio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R14-2-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21.3.86","article-title":"Pediatric foreign body aspiration","volume":"21","author":"Rovin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352646716000053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352646716000053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01863514-201603010-00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:42:58Z","timestamp":1786650178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01863514-201603010-00002"}},"subtitle":["Are the younger siblings doomed?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.12.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-6467"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-6467","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Foreign body injuries in children: Are the younger siblings doomed?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.12.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}