{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:31:11Z","timestamp":1786728671402,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"\n Background and objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate whether initial urinalysis (UA) and urinary nitrite results can be used as a proxy for choosing empiric antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective study was conducted in an urban inner city community hospital in New York City (NYU Woodhull Medical Center). We reviewed the charts of patients seen in the Emergency Department and Pediatric Clinic who had a diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) during a 3 year time period (January 2010\u2014December 2012). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Between January 2010 and December 2012, a total of 378 patients had a diagnosis of UTI. Seventy-five (19.8%) were males and 203 (80.2%) were females. Of the 378 patients with a diagnosis of UTI, the most common isolated pathogen was\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n , which was detected in 283 (74.9%) isolates. Other bacteria included Klebsiella spp 30 (7.9%), Proteus 21 (5.6%), Enterococcus 14 (3.7%), and others 30 (7.9%). The resistance rate was higher in the nitrite positive group for the following antibiotics: TMP\/SMX and ampicillin with or without sulbactam. No significant correlation was found with the remaining studied antibiotics. No significant correlation was found between leukoesterase and the resistance patterns in all of the studied antibiotics, except cefazolin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Urinary nitrite results are not helpful in choosing an initial antibiotic to treat a UTI. Leukocytosis in the blood or urine or the presence of a fever cannot be used to predict bacterial resistance. The use of nitrofurantoin or cephalexin for the treatment of cystitis was optimum, and in the presence of negative leukoesterase, nitrofurantoin was preferable to cephalexin.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2016.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,5]],"date-time":"2016-03-05T13:29:05Z","timestamp":1457184545000},"page":"12-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Can urinary nitrites or other urinalysis findings be a predictor of bacterial resistance of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Marsha","family":"Medows","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassel Mohammad","family":"Nijres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faesal","family":"Elbakoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrazak","family":"Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifali","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-3-20240318","first-page":"671","article-title":"Urinary nitrite and urinary-tract infection","volume":"70","author":"James","year":"1978","journal-title":"AJCP"},{"key":"R3-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90039-9","article-title":"The efficacy of the nitrite test and microscopic urinalysis in predicting urine culture results","volume":"140","author":"Lenke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83481-X","article-title":"Making a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection by using a urinalysis performed in an on-site laboratory","volume":"122","author":"Lohr","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R5-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.4.347","article-title":"Antibiotic bresistance patterns of uropathogens in pediatric emergency department patients","volume":"10","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad EmergMed"},{"key":"R6-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2008.01.010","article-title":"Urinary nitrite is a significant predictor of pediatric UTI susceptibility to first and third-generation cephalosporins","volume":"39","author":"Weiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R7-3-20240318","first-page":"237","article-title":"Can urinary nitrite results be used to conduct antimicrobial option for urinary tract infection in children?","volume":"22","author":"Mahyar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2004.09.014","article-title":"Urine nitrite not correlated with bacterial resistance to cephalosporins","volume":"28","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R9-3-20240318","first-page":"435","article-title":"Can urinary nitrite results be used to guide antimicrobial choice for urinary tract infection?","volume":"15","author":"Larson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J EmergMed"},{"key":"R10-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.3.215","article-title":"Bacterial susceptibility to oral antibiotics in community acquired urinary tract infection","volume":"88","author":"Prais","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R11-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-001-0808-8","article-title":"Febrile urinary tract infection: Escherichia coli susceptibility to oral antimicrobials","volume":"17","author":"Goldraich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"R12-3-20240318","first-page":"387","article-title":"Choosing the correct empirical antibiotic for urinary tract infection in pediatric: surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli by E-Test method","volume":"6","author":"Sedighi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-3-20240318","first-page":"971","article-title":"Community-acquired urinary tract infections in children: pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility and seasonal changes","volume":"17","author":"Yolba,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R15-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-3-20240318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4137\/CMPed.S8100","article-title":"Clinical options for the treatment of urinary tract infections in children","volume":"8","author":"Ramlakhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Pediatr"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent 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