{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:33:43Z","timestamp":1787070823630,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]],"date-time":"2016-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity is generally considered an adult disease, although there has been a constant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese children in the last few decades. Childhood obesity is not limited to developed countries, with increasing numbers being reported from developing countries as well as from Saudi Arabia. Young populations with obesity suffer from similar comorbidities as obese adults, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovarian syndrome, pseudotumor cerebri, and fatty liver disease. Recent advances in weight loss surgery have given hope to obese adolescents who are refractory to lifestyle changes and low-calorie diet plans. This review emphasizes a holistic approach for obese adolescents and describes in detail a multidisciplinary team and their role in adolescent bariatric surgery. There are unique medical, psychological, and nutritional requirements during the pre-operative, immediate post-operative, and long-term phases to achieve a desirable outcome. Identification of an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery is critical and must balance the risks and benefits of weight loss surgery. Different surgical procedures are available and should be tailored to the needs of the patient and the expertise of the surgeon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2016.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1458069202000},"page":"47-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment and preparation of obese adolescents for bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Noman","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.21","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States, 1999-2012","volume":"168","author":"Skinner","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"R2-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.217","article-title":"Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations","volume":"114","author":"Inge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R3-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapediatrics.319","article-title":"Response of severely obese children and adolescents to behavioral treatment","volume":"166","author":"Danielsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R4-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09678-2","article-title":"Childhood obesity: public health crisis, common sense cure","volume":"360","author":"Ebbeling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R5-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0522","article-title":"Reversal of type 2 diabetes mellitus and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors after surgical weight loss in adolescents","volume":"123","author":"Inge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R6-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200402000-00008","article-title":"Psychiatric aspects of child and adolescent obesity: a review of the past 10 years","volume":"43","author":"Zametkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.042","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"150","author":"Freedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7154.319","article-title":"Relation between obesity from childhood to adulthood and the metabolic syndrome: population based study","volume":"317","author":"Vanhala","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R10-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.804","article-title":"The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: differences by race and gender","volume":"99","author":"Daniels","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R11-1-20250317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.333.7570.695","article-title":"ABC of obesity. 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