{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:50:56Z","timestamp":1792673456058,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014239","name":"Central","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious complication of premature (&lt;32 weeks) deliveries, especially in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; &lt;1500 g) neonates. Infants developing severe IVH are more prone to long-term developmental disabilities. Although 62%\u201379% of women in Saudi Arabia receive antenatal steroids, IVH incidence remains high. We analyzed the risk factors for IVH in preterm VLBW neonates in the central region of Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included premature infants with IVH (n = 108) and gestational age- and birth weight-matched control group infants (n = 108) admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Cases were divided into mild (grades I and II; n = 56) and severe (grades III and IV; n = 52) IVH groups. Association of IVH with risk factors in the first week of life was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The following risk factors were associated with severe IVH: lack of antenatal steroid administration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), pulmonary hemorrhage (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .023), inotrope use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .032), neonatal hydrocortisone administration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following to be significant: lack of antenatal dexamethasone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.219, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.087\u20130.546), neonatal hydrocortisone administration (aOR: 3.519, 95% CI 1.204\u201310.281), and PDA (aOR: 2.718, 95% CI 1.024\u20137.210). Low hematocrit in the first 3 days of life was significantly associated with severe IVH (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Failure to receive antenatal dexamethasone, PDA, hydrocortisone administration for neonatal hypotension, and low hematocrit in the first 3 days of life was associated with severe IVH in VLBW neonates. Clinicians and healthcare policy makers should consider these factors during decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1574682907000},"page":"76-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants in the central region of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mountasser Mohammad","family":"Al-Mouqdad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adli","family":"Abdelrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman 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