{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:28:32Z","timestamp":1786739312927,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Management of persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) continues to be a challenging issue. The attitude toward PDA has shifted in the opposite direction during the last 20 years, from advocating an aggressive and early closure toward a call for watchful observation. While persistent PDA may cause challenges in the medical management of preterm neonates secondary to volume overload, pulmonary edema or hemorrhage, hypotension, and impaired tissue perfusion, its contribution toward long-term neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), ROP, NEC, and NDI has not been substantiated. By advocating conservative management, it is clear now that the majority of the PDA cases show spontaneous closure and do not require treatment. However, there has not been agreement regarding what constitutes a hemodynamically significant PDA and when, if any, it should be targeted for treatment. With increasing concern regarding possible associated complications with PDA ligation, a new trend for transcatheter approach to PDA closure is expanding. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of PDA in preterm infants, and we make some recommendations regarding evidence-based approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2019.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T12:32:25Z","timestamp":1575376345000},"page":"11-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["PDA"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jalal M.","family":"Abu-Shaweesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyad","family":"Almidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.05.006","article-title":"Patent ductus arteriosus, its treatments, and the risks of pulmonary morbidity","volume":"42","author":"Clyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"R3-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4258","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in infants \u22641500 g","volume":"140","author":"Semberova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R4-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.012","article-title":"PDA- TOLERATE trial: an exploratory randomized controlled trial of treatment of moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus at 1 Week of age","volume":"205","author":"Clyman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R6-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09693.x","article-title":"Early closure of patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin in preterm infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"72","author":"K\u00e4\u00e4p\u00e4","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"R7-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000241348","article-title":"Lung compliance in newborns with patent ductus arteriosus before and after surgical ligation","volume":"38","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"R8-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1982.03970470049014","article-title":"Parenteral indomethacin for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical experience with 67 preterm infants","volume":"136","author":"Harris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"R9-3-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F235","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.057638","article-title":"Is surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus necessary? 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