{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:13:46Z","timestamp":1786738426458,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The invited review by Al-Shamrani et al. (2020) [1] failed to address the management of a patient having an asthma attack who arrives in the Emergency Department with respiratory failure or in a moribund condition. The only route available for drug therapy in these patients is intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly in a final attempt to reduce bronchoconstriction. This could avoid tracheal intubation and lung ventilation, or make these procedures safer (Sellers, 2013; Williams et al., 1992) [2\n                      <jats:sup>,<\/jats:sup>\n                      3] for the patient if some bronchodilation occurs. Intubation and ventilation prevent coughing but tenacious mucus remains which blocks the bronchi. There are no randomised controlled trials or national asthma guidelines to inform practice at this stage of the disease, especially in under 18 year olds, so case report evidence, experience, common sense, and pharmacological principles must be engaged to save the patient's life.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2020.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T08:34:37Z","timestamp":1598517277000},"page":"209-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravenous and intramuscular therapy in near fatal asthma. A response to Al-Shamrani"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"William FS.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes444","article-title":"Inhaled and intravenous treatment in acute severe and life- threatening asthma","volume":"110","author":"Sellers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R3-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.607","article-title":"Risk factors for morbidity in mechanically ventilated patients with acute severe asthma","volume":"146","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"R4-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq329","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulphate prevents intravenous salbutamol tachycardia in asthma","volume":"105","author":"Sellers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R5-11-20240319","first-page":"826","article-title":"High dose, fast delivery magnesium sulphate in a 3-year-old acute severe asthmatic","volume":"109","author":"Elton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas Mark J"},{"key":"R6-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06358-1","article-title":"Randomised trial of intravenous sal- butamol in early management of acute severe asthma in children","volume":"349","author":"Browne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R7-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03092.x","article-title":"Rapidly repeated intravenous boluses of salbutamol for acute severe asthma","volume":"58","author":"Sellers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R8-11-20240319","first-page":"265","article-title":"Extremely high plasma salbutamol concentrations in three children treated for acute asthma","volume":"23","author":"Penna","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aust J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"R9-11-20240319","first-page":"342","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic characteristics of the Beta2-agonists terbutaline, salbutamol and fenoterol","volume":"30","author":"Hochhaus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol"},{"key":"R10-11-20240319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03348.x","article-title":"Editorial. 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