{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:27:35Z","timestamp":1786739255592,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacterial infections in CF patients are common and start early in life. The prognosis of the disease is substantially dependent on chronic respiratory infection and inflammation.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PA) infection or chronic colonization have been established to cause a chronic decline in pulmonary function (PFT), and\/or increase CF mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To obtain the prevalence of all bacterial pathogens in our CF patients and assess their evolution over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of 327 patients with confirmed CF of all age groups, who had respiratory culture samples at the first visit and on a regular follow-up between January 1,1990 and December 2018, was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 327 patients had a respiratory culture obtained at presentation. Two hundred and sixteen (66%) of 327 patients are alive, while 111 (34%) have died. Respiratory cultures were taken from nasopharyngeal aspiration (NPA) in 199 patients (61%), tracheal aspirate in 9 (3%), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)in one (0.29%), and in 124 patients (38%), sputum was induced. The eastern province contributed to the highest number of patients (122, 37.7%). There is a persistent increase in the prevalence of the common bacteria over the follow-up period of 7 years, namely\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus),<\/jats:italic>\n                      and all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas (P. aeruginosa)<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture types.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comparing cultures from the first and last follow-up visits, there was an increase in the prevalence of all (P.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aeruginosa)<\/jats:italic>\n                      cultures from 120 (34%) to 137 (53%), and a decrease in the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">(S. aureus)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) during the same follow-up period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a progressive increase in the number of patients with the most pathogenic types of bacteria because of the advanced age at presentation. As more adult patients are enrolled, there is a need for improved awareness regarding the early eradication of pathogenic bacteria to prevent progressive pulmonary damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2021.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T23:29:49Z","timestamp":1625614189000},"page":"108-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["First report on the prevalence of bacteria in cystic fibrosis patients (CF) in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Banjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrah","family":"Ghawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"AlMogarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Alhaider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Alomran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahaman","family":"Alfadhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharouk","family":"Khanjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mais","family":"AlAshgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Alghazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama","family":"Abanemai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej","family":"AlFattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12567-6","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"361","author":"Ratjen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-7-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199708)24:2<147::AID-PPUL15>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"International practice patterns by age and severity of lung disease in cystic fibrosis: data of the Epidemiologic Registry of Cystic Fibrosis (ERCF)","volume":"24","author":"Koch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"R6-7-20240903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16d30.x","article-title":"For the Consensus Committee. 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