{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:28:08Z","timestamp":1789187288016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,10]],"date-time":"2006-03-10T14:50:08Z","timestamp":1142002208000},"page":"529-540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Bisser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.N.","family":"Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.S.","family":"Toure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Taoufiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bouteille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Buguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6352.1380","article-title":"Cryptic stage of sleeping-sickness trypanosome developing in choroid plexus epithelial cells","volume":"285","author":"Abolarin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02353-X","article-title":"Breaking down the blood\u2013brain barrier: signaling a path to cerebral malaria?","volume":"18","author":"Adams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200006)30:6<1646::AID-IMMU1646>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Involvement of IFN-gamma receptor-medicated signaling in pathology and anti-malarial immunity induced by Plasmodium berghei infection","volume":"30","author":"Amani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.652","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis: presence of antibodies to galactocerebrosides","volume":"47","author":"Amevigbe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib5","first-page":"137","article-title":"World Development Report 1993\u2014Investing in Health","volume":"3","author":"Anonymous","year":"1993","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Wkly"},{"issue":"I\u2013VI","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee","volume":"881","author":"Anonymous","year":"1998","journal-title":"World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib7","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Severe falciparum malaria. World Health Organization, communicable diseases cluster","volume":"94","author":"Anonymous","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5396","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5396","article-title":"Activation of a subset of human NK cells upon contact with Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes","volume":"171","author":"Artavanis-Tsakonas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02174.x","article-title":"The war between the malaria parasite and the immune system: immunity, immunoregulation and immunopathology","volume":"133","author":"Artavanis-Tsakonas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.1.TM0570010001","article-title":"Detection and characterization of autoantibodies directed against neurofilament proteins in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"57","author":"Ayed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01753.x","article-title":"A trypanosoma brucei brucei-derived factor that triggers CD8+ lymphocytes to interferon-gamma secretion: purification, characterization and protective effects in vivo by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the factor","volume":"37","author":"Bakhiet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib12","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"289","article-title":"Experimental models for new chemotherapeutic approaches to human African trypanosomiasis","author":"Bouteille","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)01902-X","article-title":"Chemokines in host\u2013protozoan\u2013parasite interactions","volume":"17","author":"Brenier-Pinchart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00188.x","article-title":"Evidence of blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in human cerebral malaria","volume":"25","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1086\/315078","article-title":"Cytokine expression in the brain in human cerebral malaria","volume":"180","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.207","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier function in cerebral malaria in malawian children","volume":"64","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00090-X","article-title":"Nitric oxide in parasitic infections","volume":"1","author":"Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90091-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide in murine malaria: divergent roles in blood and brain suggested by voltametric measures","volume":"93","author":"Buguet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib19","first-page":"222","article-title":"NO is a cornerstone in sleeping sickness: voltametric assessment in mouse and man","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Buguet","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.10.001","article-title":"Sleep structure: a new diagnostic tool for stage determination in sleeping sickness","volume":"93","author":"Buguet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01345.x","article-title":"Developmental impairments following severe falciparum malaria in children","volume":"10","author":"Carter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2004.09.002","article-title":"The role of ICAM-1 in Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence","volume":"84","author":"Chakravorty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/28660","article-title":"Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"394","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01535-5","article-title":"Why is the pathology of falciparum worse than that of vivax malaria?","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950180406","article-title":"Antigenic variation in trypanosomes: secrets surface slowly","volume":"18","author":"Cross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.7.3098-3102.1993","article-title":"Inhibition of T-cell responsiveness during experimental infections with trypanosoma brucei: active involvement of endogenous gamma interferon","volume":"61","author":"Darji","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1086\/319257","article-title":"Human macrophage tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production induced by trypanosoma brucei gambiense and the role of TNF-alpha in parasite control","volume":"183","author":"Daulouede","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01541-1","article-title":"Cerebral malaria: the contribution of studies in animal models to our understanding of immunopathogenesis","volume":"4","author":"de Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1086\/315493","article-title":"Differential cellular accumulation of transforming growth factor-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 in brains of patients who died with cerebral malaria","volume":"181","author":"Deininger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/35091146","article-title":"Cooperative silencing elements in var genes","volume":"412","author":"Deitsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01436-5","article-title":"Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on human endothelial cells by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in an in vitro model of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"830","author":"Dobbie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.284","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid studies in children with cerebral malaria: an excitotoxic mechanism?","volume":"62","author":"Dobbie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01666-5","article-title":"Abnormal blood flow and red blood cell deformability in severe malaria","volume":"16","author":"Dondorp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90100-8","article-title":"The role of reduced red cell deformability in the pathogenesis of severe falciparum malaria and its restoration by blood transfusion","volume":"96","author":"Dondorp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.10.004","article-title":"Reduced microcirculatory flow in severe falciparum malaria: pathophysiology and electron-microscopic pathology","volume":"89","author":"Dondorp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(97)00209-0","article-title":"Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes","volume":"91","author":"Donelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib37","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"215","article-title":"Clinical aspects of human African trypanosomiasis","author":"Dumas","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8472-0","article-title":"Sleeping sickness and the brain","volume":"59","author":"Enanga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.07.004","article-title":"The ins and outs of T-lymphocyte trafficking to the CNS: anatomical sites and molecular mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00938","article-title":"Kinetics of endocytosis and recycling of the GPI-anchored variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"117","author":"Engstler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib41","first-page":"642","article-title":"Physiopathology of cerebral malaria","volume":"24","author":"Gachot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00067-9","article-title":"Switching rates of plasmodium falciparum var genes: faster than we thought?","volume":"19","author":"Gatton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-2347-x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria","volume":"60","author":"Gimenez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00033-X","article-title":"In vitro induction of microglial and endothelial cell apoptosis by cerebrospinal fluids from patients with human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"33","author":"Girard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.09.008","article-title":"Endothelial cell activation in the presence of African trypanosomes","volume":"139","author":"Girard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01366.x","article-title":"Review article: blood\u2013brain barrier in falciparum malaria","volume":"10","author":"Gitau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4653","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4653-4657.2000","article-title":"l-Arginine availability modulates local nitric oxide production and parasite killing in experimental trypanosomiasis","volume":"68","author":"Gobert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-287R","article-title":"African trypanosome interactions with an in vitro model of the human blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"90","author":"Grab","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1086\/367960","article-title":"Platelet accumulation in brain microvessels in fatal pediatric cerebral malaria","volume":"187","author":"Grau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90184-4","article-title":"The pathogenesis of sleeping sickness","volume":"74","author":"Greenwood","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib51","first-page":"523","article-title":"Apoptosis of endothelial cells is associated with paracrine induction of adhesion molecules: evidence for an interleukin-1beta-dependent paracrine loop","volume":"152","author":"Hebert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.372","article-title":"Use of the multi-organ dysfunction score as a tool to discriminate different levels of severity in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"68","author":"Helbok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.150","article-title":"The use of the multi-organ-dysfunction score to discriminate different levels of severity in severe and complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"72","author":"Helbok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39369","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006907200","article-title":"T lymphocyte-triggering factor of african trypanosomes is associated with the flagellar fraction of the cytoskeleton and represents a new family of proteins that are present in several divergent eukaryotes","volume":"275","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00229-1","article-title":"Cytokines: accelerators and brakes in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria","volume":"24","author":"Hunt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200201036","article-title":"Trypanin is a cytoskeletal linker protein and is required for cell motility in African trypanosomes","volume":"156","author":"Hutchings","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90099-4","article-title":"Severe falciparum malaria in children: a comparative study of 1990 and 2000 WHO criteria for clinical presentation, prognosis and intensive care in Dakar, Senegal","volume":"96","author":"Imbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040274","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum associated with severe childhood malaria preferentially expresses PfEMP1 encoded by group A var genes","volume":"199","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiser, K., Texier, A., Ferrandiz, J., Buguet, A., Meiller, A., Latour, C., Peyron, F., Cespuglio, R., Picot, S., 2006. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin prevents the death of mice during cerebral malaria. J. Infect. Dis. 193 (7), 987\u201395.","DOI":"10.1086\/500844"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4505","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in the central nervous system of mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei","volume":"95","author":"Keita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421052","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis of the CNS: current issues and challenges","volume":"113","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90408-5","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence for immunity following Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness","volume":"89","author":"Khonde","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.6.1197","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum produces prostaglandins that are pyrogenic, somnogenic, and immunosuppressive substances in humans","volume":"188","author":"Kilunga Kubata","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib64","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"157","article-title":"Pathology of African trypanosomiasis","author":"Kristensson","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib65","first-page":"227","article-title":"Parasites and the brain: neuroinvasion, immunopathogenesis and neuronal dysfunctions","volume":"265","author":"Kristensson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90115-X","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and CSF of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness patients before and after treatment","volume":"96","author":"Lejon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02120-1","article-title":"Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"18","author":"Lonsdale-Eccles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12564-0","article-title":"Low plasma arginine concentrations in children with cerebral malaria and decreased nitric oxide production","volume":"361","author":"Lopansri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.810-820.2001","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: recent experimental data and possible applications for humans","volume":"14","author":"Lou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(93)80082-A","article-title":"A role for TNF during African trypanosomiasis: involvement in parasite control, immunosuppression and pathology","volume":"144","author":"Lucas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201191498","article-title":"Immune mimicry in malaria: Plasmodium falciparum secretes a functional histamine-releasing factor homolog in vitro and in vivo","volume":"98","author":"MacDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.09.006","article-title":"Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria","volume":"20","author":"Mackintosh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1086\/323479","article-title":"Nitric oxide and cytokine synthesis in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"184","author":"MacLean","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.7040-7044.2004","article-title":"Severity of human African trypanosomiasis in East Africa is associated with geographic location, parasite genotype, and host inflammatory cytokine response profile","volume":"72","author":"MacLean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib75","first-page":"385","article-title":"Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration","volume":"119","author":"MacPherson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1949","article-title":"The glycosyl-inositol-phosphate and dimyristoylglycerol moieties of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of the trypanosome variant-specific surface glycoprotein are distinct macrophage-activating factors","volume":"160","author":"Magez","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib77","first-page":"643","article-title":"Cytokines associated with pathology in the brain tissue of fatal malaria","volume":"30","author":"Maneerat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00989.x","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is increased in the brain in fatal cerebral malaria","volume":"37","author":"Maneerat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(88)90123-3","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum: the behavior of clinical isolates in an in vitro model of infected red blood cell sequestration","volume":"65","author":"Marsh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22104","article-title":"Cerebral vessel laminins and IFN-gamma define Trypanosoma brucei brucei penetration of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"114","author":"Masocha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1086\/315857","article-title":"Plasma interleukin-10:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha ratio is associated with TNF promoter variants and predicts malarial complications","volume":"182","author":"May","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1086\/377583","article-title":"Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria","volume":"188","author":"Medana","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00309-2","article-title":"Neurobiology of cerebral malaria and African sleeping sickness","volume":"44","author":"Mhlanga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02391-7","article-title":"The kinetoplastida endocytic apparatus. part I: a dynamic system for nutrition and evasion of host defences","volume":"18","author":"Morgan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317030-00002","article-title":"Cerebral malaria: optimising management","volume":"17","author":"Mturi","year":"2003","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2001.00306.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei brucei crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier while tight junction proteins are preserved in a rat chronic disease model","volume":"27","author":"Mulenga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.259","article-title":"Pathology of falciparum malaria in Vietnam","volume":"47","author":"Nagatake","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430603","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of falciparum malaria","volume":"43","author":"Newton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.4.433","article-title":"Cerebral malaria","volume":"69","author":"Newton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2221","article-title":"Perforin-dependent brain-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes mediate experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis","volume":"170","author":"Nitcheu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.461","article-title":"Circulating antibodies directed against tryptophan-like epitopes in sera of patients with human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"52","author":"Okomo-Assoumou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.007","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine inter-regulation in the inflamed or injured CNS","volume":"48","author":"Owens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001160","article-title":"The Plasmodium falciparum var gene switching rate, switching mechanism and patterns of parasite recrudescence described by mathematical modelling","volume":"124","author":"Paget-McNicol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib94","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"31","article-title":"Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes","author":"Pays","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.016","article-title":"Regulation of antigen gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"21","author":"Pays","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib96","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"105","article-title":"Cytokines and the blood\u2013brain-barrier in human and experimental African trypanosomiasis","author":"Pentreath","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812627","article-title":"Survival of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"86","author":"Pentreath","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1994.11812911","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier damage in experimental African trypanosomiasis","volume":"88","author":"Philip","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1086\/373992","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum\u2013infected erythrocyte adhesion induces caspase activation and apoptosis in human endothelial cells","volume":"187","author":"Pino","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-05-0354","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown during cerebral malaria: suicide or murder?","volume":"94","author":"Pino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.345","article-title":"An ultrastructural study of the brain in fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"69","author":"Pongponratn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1130","article-title":"Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system","volume":"3","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71062431.x","article-title":"Toxic effects of sulphite in combination with peroxynitrite on neuronal cells","volume":"71","author":"Reist","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib104","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"119","article-title":"Cytokines in the pathogenesis of human African trypanosomiasis: antagonistic roles of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-10","author":"Rhind","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.2000.22304.x","article-title":"How the blood talks to the brain parenchyma and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus during systemic inflammatory and infectious stimuli","volume":"223","author":"Rivest","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1102-1041","article-title":"Evasion of innate immunity by parasitic protozoa","volume":"3","author":"Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1179\/135100001101536238","article-title":"The role of cerebral oedema in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria","volume":"6","author":"Sanni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.18.5418","article-title":"Antigenic variation in malaria: in situ switching, relaxed and mutually exclusive transcription of var genes during intra-erythrocytic development in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"17","author":"Scherf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Mol. Biol. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5492","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.10.5492","article-title":"Suppressor macrophages in African trypanosomiasis inhibit T cell proliferative responses by nitric oxide and prostaglandins","volume":"151","author":"Schleifer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1686","article-title":"Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Schofield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.5.1886","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol toxin of plasmodium up-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin expression in vascular endothelial cells and increases leukocyte and parasite cytoadherence via tyrosine kinase-dependent signal transduction","volume":"156","author":"Schofield","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490210109","article-title":"Spread of Trypanosoma brucei to the nervous system: early attack on circumventricular organs and sensory ganglia","volume":"21","author":"Schultzberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1999.00254.x","article-title":"Hemozoin is a key factor in the induction of malaria-associated immunosuppression","volume":"21","author":"Scorza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.504","article-title":"Differential sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the cerebrum and cerebellum in human cerebral malaria","volume":"48","author":"Sein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00162-X","article-title":"Cytoadherence and sequestration in Plasmodium falciparum: defining the ties that bind","volume":"5","author":"Sherman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00731.x","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis: clinical presentation and immune response","volume":"26","author":"Sternberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221041","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates suppression of T cell responses in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection","volume":"22","author":"Sternberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2003.10.011","article-title":"Trypanosome apoptotic factor mediates apoptosis in human brain vascular endothelial cells","volume":"133","author":"Stiles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80113-7","article-title":"Infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with Trypanosoma brucei brucei","volume":"290","author":"Stoppini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.7.561","article-title":"Choroid plexus in the central nervous system: biology and physiopathology","volume":"59","author":"Strazielle","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02608-X","article-title":"A metacaspase of Trypanosoma brucei causes loss of respiration competence and clonal death in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"517","author":"Szallies","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS: Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.42.4.664-681.1978","article-title":"Biologically active products from African trypanosomes","volume":"42","author":"Tizard","year":"1978","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1997.tb01075.x","article-title":"Cerebral malaria","volume":"7","author":"Turner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.501","article-title":"Involvement of cytokines in the histopathology of cerebral malaria","volume":"57","author":"Udomsangpetch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00368-0","article-title":"Malaria, monocytes, macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells: sticking of infected erythrocytes switches off host cells","volume":"14","author":"Urban","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022003","article-title":"Inhibition of T cell function during malaria: implications for immunology and vaccinology","volume":"197","author":"Urban","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/21900","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation of dendritic cells","volume":"400","author":"Urban","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib128","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness","first-page":"137","article-title":"Immunology of African trypanosomiasis","author":"Vincendeau","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)00010-7","article-title":"Arginases in parasitic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Vincendeau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00180-2","article-title":"Enhanced endothelial nitric oxide-synthase activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"33","author":"Viswambharan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03135.x","article-title":"Pathophysiology of cerebral malaria: role of host cells in the modulation of cytoadhesion","volume":"992","author":"Wassmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.913403","article-title":"Data-mining approaches reveal hidden families of proteases in the genome of malaria parasite","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751906000312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751906000312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T18:30:45Z","timestamp":1683397845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751906000312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751906000312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}