{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:11:56Z","timestamp":1790233916723,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,2]],"date-time":"2007-10-02T07:30:49Z","timestamp":1191310249000},"page":"589-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["African trypanosomiasis: Sensitive and rapid detection of the sub-genus Trypanozoon by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of parasite DNA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Z.K.","family":"Njiru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.S.J.","family":"Mikosza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Matovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.K.","family":"Enyaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.O.","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.N.","family":"Kibona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.C.A.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Ndung\u2019u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib1","series-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System","first-page":"321","article-title":"Neurological aspects of human African trypanosomiasis","author":"Atouguia","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02715903","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements in protozoan parasites","volume":"81","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02352-06","article-title":"Operational feasibility of using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in microscopy centres of developing countries","volume":"45","author":"Boehme","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.18.3801","article-title":"A simple procedure for optimising the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified Taguchi methods","volume":"22","author":"Cobb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02594-05","article-title":"Molecular dipstick test for diagnosis of sleeping sickness","volume":"44","author":"Deborggraeve","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.951-955.2005","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method","volume":"43","author":"Enomoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The human serum resistance associated gene is ubiquitous and conserved in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense throughout East Africa","volume":"25","author":"Gibson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90329-5","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence of an unusual mobile element from Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"37","author":"Hasan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.1956-1961.2004","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of severe respiratory syndrome Coronavirus","volume":"42","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38859.531354.7C","article-title":"Diagnosing human African trypanosomiasis in Angola using a card agglutination test: observational study of active and passive case finding strategies","volume":"332","author":"Inojosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2616-2622.2003","article-title":"Loop-mediated amplification for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium and M. intracellulare in sputum samples","volume":"41","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01079.x","article-title":"Stage determination and therapeutic decision in human African trypanosomiasis: value of polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M quantification on the cerebrospinal fluid of sleeping sickness patients in Cote d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"8","author":"Jamonneau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbbm.2006.08.008","article-title":"Tolerance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification to a culture medium and biological substances","volume":"70","author":"Kaneko","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421052","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis of the CNS: current issues and challenges","volume":"113","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.01.012","article-title":"Diagnostic and neuropathogenesis issues in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"36","author":"Kennedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5517-5524.2003","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of African trypanosomes","volume":"41","author":"Kuboki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clinic. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib17","first-page":"171","article-title":"Therapeutic failure of melarsoprol among patients treated for late stage T. b. gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Uganda. Bull","volume":"92","author":"Legros","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00834-X","article-title":"The challenge of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness diagnosis outside Africa","volume":"3","author":"Lejon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90092-0","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei: miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique for detection of low parasitaemias: adaptation for field use","volume":"73","author":"Lumsden","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans. R Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib20","first-page":"169","article-title":"A card agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (CATT) for the serological diagnosis of T. b. gambiense trypanosomiasis","volume":"58","author":"Magnus","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib21","first-page":"279","article-title":"Specific probes for Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi based on kinetoplast DNA minicircles","volume":"40","author":"Masiga","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90047-O","article-title":"Sensitive detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies by DNA amplification","volume":"22","author":"Masiga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00712.x","article-title":"Melarsoprol refractory T. b. gambiense from Omugo, North Western Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Matovu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00898-06","article-title":"Use of a combination of brushing technique and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method as a novel, rapid, and safe system for detection of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"44","author":"Minami","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.01.046","article-title":"Comparison of SYTO9 and SYBR Green I for real-time polymerase chain and investigation of the effect of dye concentration on amplification and DNA melting curve analysis","volume":"30","author":"Monis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5921","article-title":"Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation","volume":"289","author":"Mori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2002.0415","article-title":"Accelerated reaction by loop-mediated isothermal amplification using loop primers","volume":"16","author":"Nagamine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Prob."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.08.002","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi type B","volume":"6","author":"Njiru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acid. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16046-7","article-title":"A novel and accurate diagnostic test for human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"363","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60410-8","article-title":"The treatment of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"33","author":"P\u00e9pin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.057901","article-title":"Sensitive and inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification","volume":"52","author":"Poon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinic. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.289","article-title":"Novel primer sequences for polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense","volume":"67","author":"Radwanska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01240.x","article-title":"The effectiveness of active population screening and treatment for sleeping sickness control in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"9","author":"Robays","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib35","series-title":"Molecular Cloning","author":"Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16940-7","article-title":"Efficacy of 10-day melarsoprol schedule 2 years after treatment for late-stage gambiense sleeping sickness","volume":"364","author":"Schmid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.05.004","article-title":"Species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for diagnosis of trypanosomosis","volume":"102","author":"Thekisoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(03)00114-0","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei: trypanosome strain typing using PCR analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGE-PCR)","volume":"104","author":"Tilley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.07.004","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Trypanosoma evansi isolated from a patient in India","volume":"7","author":"Truc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib40","series-title":"Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping sickness","article-title":"Biological diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis","author":"Van Meirvenne","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)07096-9","article-title":"Identification of human-infective trypanosomes in animal reservoir of sleeping sickness in Uganda by means of serum-resistance-associated (SRA) gene","volume":"358","author":"Welburn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib42","first-page":"62","article-title":"A new form of human trypanosomiasis in India. Description of the first human case in the world caused by Trypanosoma evansi","volume":"80","author":"WHO","year":"2005","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib43","unstructured":"WHO, 1998. Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Report of a WHO expert committee. Technical Report Series, vol. 881, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib44","first-page":"266","article-title":"A simplified and highly sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by DNA amplification","volume":"25","author":"Wuyts","year":"1994","journal-title":"S.E. Asian. J. Trop. Med. Publ. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07379.x","article-title":"Sensitive and rapid diagnosis of human parvovirus B19 infection by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification","volume":"155","author":"Yamada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Dernatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2418-2424.2005","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of the periondontopathic bacteria Porphyromona gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola","volume":"43","author":"Yoshida","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751907003396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751907003396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T09:07:21Z","timestamp":1556874441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751907003396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751907003396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1098185.554189","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}