{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:24:54Z","timestamp":1777962294366,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005036","name":"University of Bergen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1568401426000},"page":"843-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Snorkel sea-cage technology decreases salmon louse infestation by 75% in a full-cycle commercial test"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Geitung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8625-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frode","family":"Oppedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars Helge","family":"Stien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Dempster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9983-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egil","family":"Karlsbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velimir","family":"Nola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0005","series-title":"Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice","first-page":"125","article-title":"Aspects of the behaviour of copepodid larvae of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr\u00f8yer, 1837)","author":"Bron","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy015","article-title":"Production, mortality, and infectivity of planktonic larval sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr\u00f8yer, 1837): current knowledge and implications for epidemiological modelling","volume":"75","author":"Brooker","year":"2018","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12232","article-title":"Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture","volume":"11","author":"Bui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00303","article-title":"Effects of step salinity gradients on salmon lice larvae behaviour and dispersal","volume":"11","author":"Crosbie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.12.012","article-title":"Manipulation of farmed Atlantic salmon swimming behaviour through the adjustment of lighting and feeding regimes as a tool for salmon lice control","volume":"424\u2013425","author":"Frenzl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.12.065","article-title":"Welfare, behaviour and feasibility of farming Atlantic salmon in submerged cages with weekly surface access to refill their swim bladders","volume":"502","author":"Glaropoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150203","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0203","article-title":"Lessons from sea louse and salmon epidemiology","volume":"371","author":"Groner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.06.069","article-title":"Reduced exposure of farmed salmon to salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis L.) infestation by use of plankton nets: Estimating the shielding effect","volume":"495","author":"Gr\u00f8ntvedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-069","article-title":"Diel vertical migration: a possible host-finding mechanism in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids?","volume":"52","author":"Heuch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(02)00189-8","article-title":"The effect of artificial light treatment and depth on the infestation of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) culture","volume":"220","author":"Hevr\u00f8y","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.08.036","article-title":"Long-term culture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in submerged cages during winter affects behaviour, growth and condition","volume":"296","author":"Kors\u00f8en","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.11.001","article-title":"Quantitative risk assessment of salmon louse-induced mortality of seaward-migrating post-smolt Atlantic salmon","volume":"23","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00225-4","article-title":"Statistical power in comparative aquaculture studies","volume":"224","author":"Ling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0070","unstructured":"Lovdata, 2012. Regulations on combating salmon lice in aquaculture facilities (in Norwegian: Forskrift om bekjempelse av lakselus i akvakulturanlegg) https:\/\/lovdata.no\/dokument\/SF\/forskrift\/2012-12-05-1140 (accessed July 2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0075","unstructured":"Lovdata, 2017. Forskrift om produksjonsomr\u00e5der for akvakultur av matfisk i sj\u00f8 av laks, \u00f8rret og regnbue\u00f8rret (produksjonsomr\u00e5deforskriften) https:\/\/lovdata.no\/dokument\/SF\/forskrift\/2017-01-16-61#KAPITTEL_2 (accessed July 2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00545.x","article-title":"Rates of spread of marine pathogens","volume":"6","author":"McCallum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.09.009","article-title":"Effective protection against sea lice during the production of Atlantic salmon in floating enclosures","volume":"466","author":"Nilsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.11.020","article-title":"Environmental drivers of Atlantic salmon behaviour in sea-cages: a review","volume":"311","author":"Oppedal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4560","article-title":"Sea lice infestation levels decrease with deeper \u2018snorkel\u2019 barriers in Atlantic salmon sea-cages","volume":"73","author":"Oppedal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2016-0050","article-title":"Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) development times, body size, and reproductive outputs follow universal models of temperature dependence","volume":"73","author":"Samsing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-017-0557-0","article-title":"Network analysis reveals strong seasonality in the dispersal of a marine parasite and identifies areas for coordinated management","volume":"32","author":"Samsing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00289","article-title":"Growth and welfare of submerged Atlantic salmon under continuous lighting","volume":"10","author":"Sievers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.02.014","article-title":"\u2018Snorkel\u2019 sea lice barrier technology reduces sea lice loads on harvest-sized Atlantic salmon with minimal welfare impacts","volume":"458","author":"Stien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.02.045","article-title":"Skirts on salmon production cages reduced salmon lice infestations without affecting fish welfare","volume":"490","author":"Stien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.03.002","article-title":"\u2018Snorkel\u2019 lice barrier technology reduced two co- occurring parasites, the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and the amoebic gill disease causing agent (Neoparamoeba perurans), in commercial salmon sea-cages","volume":"140","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00269","article-title":"Surface environment modification in Atlantic salmon sea-cages: effects on amoebic gill disease, salmon lice, growth and welfare","volume":"10","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interac."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751919302097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751919302097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T14:02:43Z","timestamp":1758117763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751919302097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751919302097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Snorkel sea-cage technology decreases salmon louse infestation by 75% in a full-cycle commercial test","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}