{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:14:11Z","timestamp":1788491651437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008065","name":"Georgia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI060546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI060546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI153290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI153290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1023601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1023601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007699","name":"University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T20:00:47Z","timestamp":1650312047000},"page":"733-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Alkyne modified purines for assessment of activation of Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites and growth of pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages in Plasmodium spp."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Alona","family":"Botnar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Vantaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine C.","family":"Shiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio F.","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"De Vore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Cassera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Leahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis E.","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003595","article-title":"Modeling the dynamics of Plasmodium vivax infection and hypnozoite reactivation in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Adekunle","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0010","article-title":"Efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials","volume":"20","author":"Assefa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.06.006","article-title":"Primaquine toxicity forestalls effective therapeutic management of the endemic malarias","volume":"42","author":"Baird","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay110","article-title":"Tafenoquine for travelers' malaria: evidence, rationale and recommendations","volume":"25","author":"Baird","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13282","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013282","article-title":"A genetic screen for attenuated growth identifies genes crucial for intraerythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"5","author":"Balu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0238-x","article-title":"Protozoan persister-like cells and drug treatment failure","volume":"17","author":"Barrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.2174\/156802611796575948","article-title":"Purine and pyrimidine pathways as targets in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"11","author":"Cassera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-56","article-title":"Artemisinin-induced parasite dormancy: a plausible mechanism for treatment failure","volume":"10","author":"Codd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3461","article-title":"Persistence and activation of malaria hypnozoites in long-term primary hepatocyte cultures","volume":"20","author":"Demb\u00e9l\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018162","article-title":"Towards an in vitro model of Plasmodium hypnozoites suitable for drug discovery","volume":"6","author":"Dembele","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808859","article-title":"Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"361","author":"Dondorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"New England J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81486-z","article-title":"Chemoprotective antimalarials identified through quantitative high-throughput screening of Plasmodium blood and liver stage parasites","volume":"11","author":"Dorjsuren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00159-08","article-title":"Purine Salvage Pathways in the Intraerythrocytic Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"7","author":"Downie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"issue":"4571","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123245","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo- and 5-iododeoxyuridine: A new reagent for detection of DNA replication","volume":"218","author":"Gratzner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43362","article-title":"The Plasmodium liver-specific protein 2 (LISP2) is an early marker of liver stage development","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779315524","article-title":"Targeting purine and pyrimidine metabolism in human apicomplexan parasites","volume":"8","author":"Hyde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90430-7","article-title":"Bromo-deoxyuridine is not incorporated into DNA of malaria parasites","volume":"85","author":"Janse","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.1291","article-title":"Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax infection","volume":"31","author":"Krotoski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00835-15","article-title":"Evidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria multidrug resistance to artemisinin and piperaquine in Western Cambodia: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine open-label multicenter clinical assessment","volume":"59","author":"Leang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-1014-7","article-title":"Transfection with thymidine kinase permits bromodeoxyuridine labelling of DNA replication in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"14","author":"Merrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.02.011","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax liver stage development and hypnozoite persistence in human liver-chimeric mice","volume":"17","author":"Mikolajczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20805-w","article-title":"Artemisinin-resistant K13 mutations rewire Plasmodium falciparum's intra-erythrocytic metabolic program to enhance survival","volume":"12","author":"Mok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Comm."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70177-X","article-title":"Key gaps in the knowledge of Plasmodium vivax, a neglected human malaria parasite","volume":"9","author":"Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0120","first-page":"1750","article-title":"Metabolic labeling of DNA by purine analogues in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Neef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44449-z","article-title":"Deciphering host lysosome-mediated elimination of Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasites","volume":"9","author":"Niklaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908239116","article-title":"Genetic ablation of purine salvage in Cryptosporidium parvum reveals nucleotide uptake from the host cell","volume":"116","author":"Pawlowic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw388","article-title":"Declining efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy against P. falciparum malaria on the Thai-Myanmar Border (2003\u20132013): the role of parasite genetic factors","volume":"63","author":"Phyo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9830","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60484-X","article-title":"Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria on the western border of Thailand: a longitudinal study","volume":"379","author":"Phyo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.03.009","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax liver and blood stages recruit the druggable host membrane channel aquaporin-3","volume":"27","author":"Posfai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41095","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107037200","article-title":"Localization of the Plasmodium falciparum PfNT1 nucleoside transporter to the parasite plasma membrane","volume":"276","author":"Rager","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0155","article-title":"A comprehensive model for assessment of liver stage therapies targeting Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"9","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Comm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712168105","article-title":"A chemical method for fast and sensitive detection of DNA synthesis in vivo","volume":"105","author":"Salic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2519-7","article-title":"A recombinant antibody against Plasmodium vivax UIS4 for distinguishing replicating from dormant liver stages","volume":"17","author":"Schafer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70095-1","article-title":"The activation of vivax malaria hypnozoites by infectious diseases","volume":"13","author":"Shanks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.687019","article-title":"Characterization of the tubovesicular network in Plasmodium vivax liver stage hypnozoites and schizonts","volume":"11","author":"Sylvester","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05456-11","article-title":"Phenotypic changes in artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum lines in vitro: evidence for decreased sensitivity to dormancy and growth inhibition","volume":"56","author":"Teuscher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1086\/656476","article-title":"Artemisinin-induced dormancy in Plasmodium falciparum: duration, recovery rates, and implications in treatment failure","volume":"202","author":"Teuscher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4254","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.781840","article-title":"Human malaria parasites in continuous culture","volume":"193","author":"Trager","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05540-11","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of in vitro-selected artemisinin-resistant progeny of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"56","author":"Tucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2220145","article-title":"Metabolism of hypoxanthine in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"222","author":"Vincent","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054888","article-title":"Transgenic fluorescent Plasmodium cynomolgi liver stages enable live imaging and purification of malaria hypnozoite-forms","volume":"8","author":"Voorberg-van der Wel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0737-3","article-title":"A dual fluorescent Plasmodium cynomolgi reporter line reveals in vitro malaria hypnozoite reactivation","volume":"3","author":"Voorberg-van der Wel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01636-09","article-title":"Increased tolerance to artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum is mediated by a quiescence mechanism","volume":"54","author":"Witkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003_b0225","series-title":"WHO Guidelines for malaria","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751922000662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751922000662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:53:25Z","timestamp":1762185205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751922000662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751922000662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alkyne modified purines for assessment of activation of Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites and growth of pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages in Plasmodium spp.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}