{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:46:01Z","timestamp":1789130761672,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006390","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006390","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A-159600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A-159600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A-179378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A-179378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T19:07:51Z","timestamp":1750792071000},"page":"731-739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bat phylogeny and geographic location, rather than bat individual characteristics, explains the pattern of trypanosome infection in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5100-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Perrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8123-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Szentiv\u00e1nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Th\u00e9ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8446-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e0","family":"L\u00f3pez-Baucells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bonny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0733-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dino","family":"Scaravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Glaizot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8605-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Christe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8880033","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the frugivorous and the insectivorous bats in Southcentral Nepal","volume":"2020","author":"Adhikari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-46702010000200001","article-title":"How specialists can be generalists: resolving the \u201cparasite paradox\u201d and implications for emerging infectious disease","volume":"27","author":"Agosta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoologia (Curitiba)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12799","article-title":"Host shift and cospeciation rate estimation from co-phylogenies","volume":"20","author":"Alcala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139225","article-title":"Understanding host-switching by ecological fitting","volume":"10","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091148","article-title":"Diversity and epidemiology of bat trypanosomes: a one health perspective","volume":"10","author":"Austen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061048","article-title":"PACo: a novel procrustes application to cophylogenetic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Balbuena","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.25225\/fozo.v63.i4.a7.2014","article-title":"Distribution and host relations of species of the genus Cimex on bats in Europe","volume":"63","author":"Balv\u00edn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Folia Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2018.12.009","article-title":"Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: a species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus","volume":"8","author":"Barros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13263","article-title":"Deeply conserved susceptibility in a multi-host, multi-parasite system","volume":"22","author":"Barrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12009","article-title":"Wildlife disease prevalence in human-modified landscapes","volume":"88","author":"Brearley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2009.02.005","article-title":"Molecular cophylogenetic relationships between European bats and their ectoparasitic mites (Acari, Spinturnicidae)","volume":"51","author":"Bruyndonckx","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-06","article-title":"Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses","volume":"19","author":"Calisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.00189","article-title":"The role of vector trait variation in vector-borne disease dynamics","volume":"8","author":"Cator","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.08.015","article-title":"Phylogeographical, ecological and biological patterns shown by nuclear (ssrRNA and gGAPDH) and mitochondrial (Cyt b) genes of trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum parasitic in Brazilian bats","volume":"40","author":"Cavazzana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.2003.00759.x","article-title":"Differential species-specific ectoparasitic mite intensities in two intimately coexisting sibling bat species: resource-mediated host attractiveness or parasite specialization?","volume":"72","author":"Christe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2007.01255.x","article-title":"Host sex and ectoparasites choice: preference for, and higher survival on female hosts","volume":"76","author":"Christe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14101","article-title":"Integrating phylogenetic and ecological distances reveals new insights into parasite host specificity","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2019.106705","article-title":"Out of Africa: the origins of the protozoan blood parasites of the Trypanosoma cruzi clade found in bats from Africa","volume":"145","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0095","series-title":"Parasite-Host Associations: Coexistence or Conflict?","first-page":"62","article-title":"Evolution of parasite life cycles","author":"Combes","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182023000549","article-title":"Host phylogeny and seasonality shapes avian haemosporidian prevalence in a Brazilian biodiverse and dry forest: the Caatinga","volume":"150","author":"de Angeli Dutra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001378","article-title":"Evolutionary consequences of vector-borne transmission: how using vectors shapes host, vector and pathogen evolution","volume":"149","author":"de Angeli Dutra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12150","article-title":"Cospeciation vs host-shift speciation: methods for testing, evidence from natural associations and relation to coevolution","volume":"198","author":"de Vienne","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0115","series-title":"Les encyclop\u00e9dies du naturaliste","article-title":"L\u2019encyclop\u00e9die des chauves-souris d\u2019Europe et d\u2019Afrique du Nord: biologie, caract\u00e9ristiques, protection","author":"Dietz","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13716","article-title":"The dynamics of preferential host switching: host phylogeny as a key predictor of parasite distribution","volume":"73","author":"Engelst\u00e4dter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0196","article-title":"Simultaneously reconstructing viral cross-species transmission history and identifying the underlying constraints","volume":"368","author":"Faria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. r. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/015036","article-title":"The study of parasite sharing for surveillance of zoonotic diseases","volume":"8","author":"Farrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12805","article-title":"Ecological determinants of avian malaria infections: an integrative analysis at landscape, mosquito and vertebrate community levels","volume":"87","author":"Ferraguti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006907","article-title":"Spatial prediction of risk areas for vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the State of Paran\u00e1, southern Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Ferro E Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066725","article-title":"Schizotrypanum in British bats","volume":"97","author":"Gardner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394288-3.00007-1","article-title":"Increasing awareness of ecosystem services provided by bats","volume":"44","author":"Ghanem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Stud. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607968104","article-title":"Phylogenetic signal in plant pathogen\u2013host range","volume":"104","author":"Gilbert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0941-z","article-title":"Anthropogenic land use change and infectious diseases: a review of the evidence","volume":"11","author":"Gottdenker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2007.03.023","article-title":"Patterns of co-evolution between trypanosomes and their hosts deduced from ribosomal RNA and protein-coding gene phylogenies","volume":"44","author":"Hamilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.08.011","article-title":"Trypanosomes are monophyletic: evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA","volume":"34","author":"Hamilton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.01.006","article-title":"The evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi: the \u201cbat seeding\u201d hypothesis","volume":"28","author":"Hamilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12736","article-title":"paco: implementing procrustean approach to cophylogeny in R","volume":"8","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03128-0","article-title":"Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir","volume":"589","author":"Irving","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515385","article-title":"Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals","volume":"32","author":"Irwin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200407","article-title":"Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses","volume":"11","author":"Kostygov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x","article-title":"Ecosystem services provided by bats","volume":"1223","author":"Kunz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2011.12.003","article-title":"Evolutionary insights from bat trypanosomes: morphological, developmental and phylogenetic evidence of a new species, Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) erneyi sp. nov., in African bats closely related to Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi and allied species","volume":"163","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10051028","article-title":"Blood parasites and health status of hibernating and non-hibernating Noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula)","volume":"10","author":"Linhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2754\/avb202089010069","article-title":"Trypanosomes in eastern and central European bats","volume":"89","author":"Linhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Brno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0220","series-title":"Bats (Chiroptera) as Vectors of Diseases and Parasites: Facts and Myths","first-page":"63","article-title":"Bat endoparasites: a UK perspective","author":"Lord","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0225","article-title":"A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special?","volume":"280","author":"Luis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12211","article-title":"Bird and bat predation services in tropical forests and agroforestry landscapes","volume":"91","author":"Maas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.03.003","article-title":"Molecular evidence for host\u2013parasite co-speciation between lizards and Schellackia parasites","volume":"48","author":"Meg\u00eda-Palma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08471-0","article-title":"Bat genomes illuminate adaptations to viral tolerance and disease resistance","volume":"638","author":"Morales","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00167-2","article-title":"A nested PCR for the ssrRNA gene detects Trypanosoma binneyi in the platypus and Trypanosoma sp. in wombats and kangaroos in Australia","volume":"29","author":"Noyes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-016-0632-3","article-title":"Bats in urban areas of Brazil: roosts, food resources and parasites in disturbed environments","volume":"20","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0255","series-title":"Tangled Trees: Phylogeny, Cospeciation, and Coevolution","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14372","article-title":"Phylogenetic structure and host abundance drive disease pressure in communities","volume":"520","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032321","article-title":"Infectious Disease Dynamics in Heterogeneous Landscapes","volume":"47","author":"Parratt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1139\/z84-231","article-title":"The development of the culture and bloodstream forms of three Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) spp. (Protista: Zoomastigophorea) from bats in Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)","volume":"62","author":"Paterson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12294","article-title":"Understanding the ecology and evolution of host\u2013parasite interactions across scales","volume":"9","author":"Penczykowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3726-y","article-title":"Phylogenetics, patterns of genetic variation and population dynamics of Trypanosoma terrestris support both coevolution and ecological host-fitting as processes driving trypanosome evolution","volume":"12","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vector"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041487","article-title":"Effects of anthropogenic disturbance and climate on patterns of bat fly parasitism","volume":"7","author":"Pilosof","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.10.002","article-title":"Trade-offs and resource breadth processes as drivers of performance and specificity in a host\u2013parasite system: a new integrative hypothesis","volume":"46","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.07.001","article-title":"The rise of ecological parasitology: twelve landmark advances that changed its history","volume":"51","author":"Poulin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006002150","article-title":"Are there general laws in parasite ecology?","volume":"134","author":"Poulin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2307\/2937061","article-title":"Phylogeny, ecology, and the richness of parasite communities in vertebrates","volume":"65","author":"Poulin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.05.011","article-title":"Parasites and wildlife in a changing world: the vector-host- pathogen interaction as a learning case","volume":"9","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13160","article-title":"On the relationship between body condition and parasite infection in wildlife: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108268","article-title":"Immune profile predicts survival and reflects senescence in a small, long-lived mammal, the greater sac-winged bat (Saccopteryx bilineata)","volume":"9","author":"Schneeberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/cox020","article-title":"Habitat disturbance results in chronic stress and impaired health status in forest-dwelling paleotropical bats","volume":"5","author":"Seltmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conserv Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1644\/10-MAMM-F-355.1","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research","volume":"92","author":"Sikes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12047","article-title":"Immunity, resistance and tolerance in bird\u2013parasite interactions","volume":"35","author":"Sorci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12644","article-title":"The macroecology of infectious diseases: a new perspective on global-scale drivers of pathogen distributions and impacts","volume":"19","author":"Stephens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12122","article-title":"Differential sources of host species heterogeneity influence the transmission and control of multihost parasites","volume":"16","author":"Streicker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188836","article-title":"Host phylogeny constrains cross-species emergence and establishment of rabies virus in bats","volume":"329","author":"Streicker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02588.x","article-title":"Variation in infectivity and aggressiveness in space and time in wild host\u2013pathogen systems: causes and consequences","volume":"25","author":"Tack","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08303-0","article-title":"Molecular detection of trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma livingstonei species group in diverse bat species in Central Cameroon","volume":"123","author":"Tsague","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0365","article-title":"Disentangling effects of anthropogenic disturbance and community structure on multi-pathogen dynamics in tropical cave-dwelling bat communities","author":"Vicente-Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Square"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add0688","article-title":"Human disturbance increases coronavirus prevalence in bats","volume":"9","author":"Warmuth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12297","article-title":"The importance of parasite geography and spillover effects for global patterns of host\u2013parasite associations in two invasive species","volume":"21","author":"Wells","year":"2015","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01103-3","article-title":"Sex\u2014the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts","volume":"53","author":"Weso\u0142owska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)80001-4","article-title":"Sex differences in parasite infections: patterns and processes","volume":"26","author":"Zuk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751925001183?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751925001183?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:13:56Z","timestamp":1777457636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751925001183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751925001183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bat phylogeny and geographic location, rather than bat individual characteristics, explains the pattern of trypanosome infection in Europe","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}