{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:14:46Z","timestamp":1781187286240,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:09:00Z","timestamp":1756825740000},"page":"104729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sporogonic development of Hepatozoon felis in naturally infected Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus rutilus ticks and induction of sporocyst excystation by duodenal fluid"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gad","family":"Baneth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7336-4698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaarit","family":"Nachum-Biala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer","family":"Revah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Salant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101899","article-title":"First report of Nosomma monstrosum ticks infesting asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Aiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00160-5","article-title":"Hepatozoon species infection in domestic cats: a retrospective study","volume":"79","author":"Baneth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-494R.1","article-title":"Life cycle of Hepatozoon canis (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) in the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and domestic dog (Canis familiaris)","volume":"93","author":"Baneth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.015","article-title":"Perspectives on canine and feline hepatozoonosis","volume":"181","author":"Baneth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-102","article-title":"Redescription of Hepatozoon felis (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) based on phylogenetic analysis, tissue and blood form morphology, and possible transplacental transmission","volume":"6","author":"Baneth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.101945","article-title":"First autochthonous case of clinical Hepatozoon felis infection in a domestic cat in Central Europe","volume":"72","author":"Basso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0035","article-title":"Hepatozoon species infecting domestic cats from countries of the Mediterranean basin","volume":"145","author":"Carbonara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"The sexual cycle of Leucocytozoon canis in the tick","volume":"28","author":"Christophers","year":"1907","journal-title":"Scientific Mememoirs. Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Department of the Government of India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000000068","article-title":"The development of Leucocytozoon canis in the tick with a reference to the development of Piroplasma","volume":"5","author":"Christophers","year":"1912","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06572-3","article-title":"The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group: updated list of species, geographical distribution, and vector competence","volume":"17","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2025.110408","article-title":"Hepatozoon infections in dogs and cats in USA: history, life cycle, and suggestions for uniform terminology for hepatozoonosis in endotherms and ectotherms","volume":"334","author":"Dubey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"201","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0060","article-title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., haemoplasma species and Hepatozoon spp. in ticks infesting cats: a large-scale survey","volume":"11","author":"Duplan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00572-6","article-title":"Larval Gulf Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) [Acari: Ixodidae] as host for Hepatozoon americanum [Apicomplexa: Adeleorina]","volume":"103","author":"Ewing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.688-697.2003","article-title":"American canine hepatozoonosis","volume":"16","author":"Ewing","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.017","article-title":"Transstadial transmission of Hepatozoon canis from larvae to nymphs of Rhipicephalus sanguineus","volume":"196","author":"Giannelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201600250X","article-title":"Rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of Hepatozoon canis","volume":"144","author":"Giannelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v90i0.1747","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa) from domestic cats in South Africa, with a global reassessment of Hepatozoon felis diversity","volume":"90","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002316","article-title":"Hepatozoon silvestris sp. nov.: morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of Hepatozoon (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) from the European wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris)","volume":"144","author":"Hod\u017ei\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"174","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0095","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological study on ticks and tick-borne protozoan parasites (Apicomplexa: Cytauxzoon and Hepatozoon spp.) from wild cats (Felis silvestris), Mustelidae and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in central Europe, Hungary","volume":"15","author":"Hornok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"On a parasite found in the white corpuscles of the blood of dogs","volume":"14","author":"James","year":"1905","journal-title":"Sci. Mem. Offrs. Med. Sanit. Deps. India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.10.017","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Hepatozoon americanum to rodents","volume":"151","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.028","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Hepatozoon americanum to New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and infectivity of cystozoites for a dog","volume":"164","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0375.x","article-title":"Alternate pathway of infection with Hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2018.03.002","article-title":"Pathogenic and endosymbiont apicomplexans in Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) from cats in Jerusalem, Israel","volume":"57","author":"Kamani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2992-4","article-title":"Fatal infection with emerging apicomplexan parasite Hepatozoon silvestris in a domestic cat","volume":"11","author":"Kegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329601","article-title":"Cycle biologique d'Hepatozoon domerguei; discussion sur les caract\u00e8res fondamentaux d'un cycle de Coccidie [the life-history of Hepatozoon domerguei; comments on the fundamental characteristics of a coccidian life-cycle]","volume":"38","author":"Landau","year":"1972","journal-title":"Z. Parasitenkd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050433","article-title":"Mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships of species of Rhipicephalus and other tick genera among Metastriata (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"84","author":"Mangold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00189-7","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Hepatozoon americanum Vincent-Johnson et al., 1997 to dogs by the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum Koch","volume":"80","author":"Mathew","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2307\/3285663","article-title":"Sporogonic development of Hepatozoon americanum (Apicomplexa) in its definitive host, Amblyomma maculatum (Acarina)","volume":"85","author":"Mathew","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0150","article-title":"Geographical isolation and hyperendemicity of Hepatozoon felis: Epidemiological scenario in Skopelos, Greece, and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"6","author":"Morelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101897","article-title":"Reestablishment of Rhipicephalus secundus Feldman-Muhsam, 1952 (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"13","author":"Mumcuoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.867","article-title":"Vertical transmission of Hepatozoon canis in dogs","volume":"55","author":"Murata","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2767-y","article-title":"Molecular detection of Anaplasma bovis, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon felis in cats from Luanda, Angola","volume":"11","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"102979","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0170","article-title":"Microscopy and molecular survey of Hepatozoon spp. in domestic cats and their ticks: first report of H. silvestris from T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"104","author":"\u00d6nder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-08109-6","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networking of Hepatozoon felis infecting wild animals in Gir National Park, Gujarat, India","volume":"123","author":"Panda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000003620","article-title":"The haemogregarines of mammals and reptiles","volume":"1","author":"Patton","year":"1908","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0185","series-title":"Anonymous: Annual Report Bacteriological Section King Institute of Protective Medicine, Guindy, 1907","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mammalian leucocytozoa","author":"Patton","year":"1908"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3551-3","article-title":"Molecular detection of Hepatozoon felis in cats from Maio Island, Republic of Cape Verde and global distribution of feline hepatozoonosis","volume":"12","author":"Pereira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2307\/3277842","article-title":"Syngamy and sporogony of Hepatozoon griseisciuri Clark, 1958 (Sporozoa:Haemogregarinidae), in its natural vector, Haemogamasus reidi Ewing, 1925 (Acari: Mesostigmata)","volume":"57","author":"Redington","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06788-x","article-title":"Feline vector-borne pathogens in Iran","volume":"18","author":"Sazmand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2307\/3283781","article-title":"The genus Hepatozoon (Apicomplexa: Adeleina)","volume":"82","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00933003","volume":"80","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.10.019","article-title":"Vector-borne infections in cats: molecular study in Barcelona area (Spain)","volume":"151","author":"Tabar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06154-3","article-title":"Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae) in wild mammals of the Americas: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2024026","article-title":"Hepatozoon spp. in stray cats from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"Traversa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05626-8","article-title":"Diversity of Hepatozoon species in wild mammals and ticks in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Uiterwijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"222","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0240","article-title":"Molecular characterisation and morphological description of two new species of Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) infecting leukocytes of african leopards Panthera pardus pardus (L.)","volume":"13","author":"van As","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101049","article-title":"Life cycle stages of Hepatozoon ingwe (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) in an Ixodes sp. tick vector (Arthropoda: Ixodida: Ixodidae) and an African leopard Panthera pardus pardus","volume":"26","author":"van As","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2307\/3284379","article-title":"A new Hepatozoon species from dogs: description of the causative agent of canine hepatozoonosis in North America","volume":"83","author":"Vincent-Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017_b0255","first-page":"1085","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Wenyon","year":"1926","journal-title":"Protozoology"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751925001638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020751925001638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:34:07Z","timestamp":1772818447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020751925001638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020751925001638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7519","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sporogonic development of Hepatozoon felis in naturally infected Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus rutilus ticks and induction of sporocyst excystation by duodenal fluid","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.08.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104729"}}