{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:18:36Z","timestamp":1791173916258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T17:46:26Z","timestamp":1409247986000},"page":"233-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Utilization of computer processed high definition video imaging for measuring motility of microscopic nematode stages on a quantitative scale: \u201cThe Worminator\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bob","family":"Storey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Marcellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Maclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Sakanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wolstenholme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.09.006","article-title":"Multiple resistance to anthelmintics by Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep in Brazil","volume":"59","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051507","article-title":"Micromotility meter: an instrument designed to evaluate the action of drugs on motility of larval and adult nematodes","volume":"93","author":"Bennett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(87)90203-1","article-title":"Micromotility meter: instrumentation to analyse helminth motility","volume":"3","author":"Bennett","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0245","unstructured":"Bennett, J.L., Haslett, R.A., Pax, M., 1986. micromotility meter, in: Patent, U.S. (Ed.). Research Corporation, New York, United States, p. 8."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001547","article-title":"A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: towards control and elimination","volume":"6","author":"Boatin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.012","article-title":"Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"181","author":"Bourguinat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.020","article-title":"Lack of Cyathostomin sp. reduction after anthelmintic treatment in horses in Brazil","volume":"194","author":"Canever","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906176106","article-title":"Identifying sub-optimal responses to ivermectin in the treatment of River Blindness","volume":"106","author":"Churcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0045","series-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance \u2013 Beyond the Breakpoint","first-page":"120","article-title":"Mass treatment of parasitic disease: implications for the development and spread of anthelmintic resistance","author":"Churcher","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90074-5","article-title":"Motility response of levamisole benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus larvae","volume":"31","author":"Coles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.11.019","article-title":"The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance","volume":"136","author":"Coles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.020","article-title":"Standardization of the larval migration inhibition test for the detection of resistance to ivermectin in gastro intestinal nematodes of ruminants","volume":"174","author":"Demeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.032","article-title":"Adaptation and evaluation of three different in vitro tests for the detection of resistance to anthelmintics in gastro intestinal nematodes of cattle","volume":"170","author":"Demeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002291","article-title":"Measuring the effect of avermectins and milbemycins on somatic muscle contraction of adult Haemonchus contortus and on motility of Ostertagia circumcincta in vitro","volume":"141","author":"Demeler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2307\/3272903","article-title":"The efficiency of the Baermann apparatus in the recovery of larvae of haemonchus contortus","volume":"28","author":"Dinaburg","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0075","first-page":"102","article-title":"Development of an in vitro bioassay for measuring susceptibility to macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"3","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol.: Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02881.x","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants","volume":"20","author":"Fleming","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(87)90045-8","article-title":"Detecting in vitro anthelmintic effects with a micromotility meter","volume":"24","author":"Folz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1993.1064","article-title":"Haemonchus contortus: ivermectin-induced paralysis of the pharynx","volume":"77","author":"Geary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.004","article-title":"Evidence for macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic resistance in Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"26","author":"Geary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90144-V","article-title":"Detection of resistance to ivermectin in haemonchus contortus","volume":"21","author":"Gill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.12.1913","article-title":"Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on sheep and goat farms in the southeastern United States","volume":"233","author":"Howell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.048","article-title":"An inconvenient truth: global worming and anthelmintic resistance","volume":"186","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002562","article-title":"Elimination and eradication of neglected tropical diseases with mass drug administrations: a survey of experts","volume":"7","author":"Keenan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.608","article-title":"An in vitro larval motility assay to determine anthelmintic sensitivity for human hookworm and Strongyloides species","volume":"71","author":"Kotze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.12.007","article-title":"Field evaluation of anthelmintic drug sensitivity using in vitro egg hatch and larval motility assays with Necator americanus recovered from human clinical isolates","volume":"35","author":"Kotze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.017","article-title":"A modified larval migration assay for detection of resistance to macrocyclic lactones in Haemonchus contortus, and drug screening with Trichostrongylidae parasites","volume":"137","author":"Kotze","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0135","first-page":"29","article-title":"A reappraisal of the relative sensitivity of nematode pharyngeal and somatic musculature to macrocyclic lactone drugs","volume":"2","author":"Kotze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol.: Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.141176","article-title":"Biomechanical profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans motility","volume":"191","author":"Krajacic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(76)90067-4","article-title":"Egg hatch as an in vitro assay of thiabendazole resistance in nematodes","volume":"2","author":"LeJambre","year":"1976","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001494","article-title":"WormAssay: a novel computer application for whole-plate motion-based screening of macroscopic parasites","volume":"6","author":"Marcellino","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02268963","article-title":"Larval paralysis as an in vitro assay of levamisole and morantel tartrate resistance in Ostertagia","volume":"3","author":"Martin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vet. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.014","article-title":"The in vitro diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins","volume":"185","author":"Matthews","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0165","unstructured":"Microsoft, 2013. Microsoft Excel, 2013 ed. Microsoft, Redmond, Washington."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0170","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture, F., and Food, 1977. Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011983107","article-title":"Ivermectin disrupts the function of the excretory-secretory apparatus in microfilariae of Brugia malayi","volume":"107","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60942-8","article-title":"Phenotypic evidence of emerging ivermectin resistance in some population of Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocercasis","volume":"369","author":"Osei-Atweneboana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.008","article-title":"Is anthelmintic resistance a concern for heartworm control?: what can we learn from the human filariasis control programs?","volume":"133","author":"Prichard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2013.03.008","article-title":"Whole-cell patch-clamp recording of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adult Brugia malayi muscle","volume":"62","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2010000300007","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","volume":"30","author":"Sczesny-Moraes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pesquisa Vet Brasil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.11.008","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of cattle: a global issue?","volume":"27","author":"Sutherland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31077-4","article-title":"A larval development test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep","volume":"49","author":"Taylor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.12.003","article-title":"Brugia malayi: in vitro effects of ivermectin and moxidectin on adults and microfilariae","volume":"124","author":"Tompkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006156601550","article-title":"The in vitro motility response to various anthelmintics of third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. from pigs","volume":"22","author":"V\u00e1rady","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0220","unstructured":"Vatta, A.F., Dzimianski, M., Storey, B.E., Camus, M.S., Moorhead, A.R., Kaplan, R.M., Wolstenholme, A.J., in press. Ivermectin-dependent attachment of neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in vitro. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328358993a","article-title":"Human soil-transmitted helminths: implications of mass drug administration","volume":"25","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.010","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites \u2013 detection, potential clinical relevance and implications for control","volume":"185","author":"von Samson-Himmelstjerna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90040-R","article-title":"A new simplified assay for larval migration inhibition","volume":"22","author":"Wagland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008218","article-title":"Glutamate-gated chloride channels and the mode of action of the avermectin\/milbemycin anthelmintics","volume":"131","author":"Wolstenholme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320714000232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320714000232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:46:19Z","timestamp":1761921979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211320714000232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211320714000232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilization of computer processed high definition video imaging for measuring motility of microscopic nematode stages on a quantitative scale: \u201cThe Worminator\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}