{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1790509212743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T18:16:49Z","timestamp":1517336209000},"page":"43-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Discovery of ebselen as an inhibitor of Cryptosporidium parvum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (CpGPI) by high-throughput screening of existing drugs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rana","family":"Eltahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengguang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094786","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"304","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.2307\/3282084","article-title":"Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients","volume":"73","author":"Arrowood","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.22133","article-title":"Crystal structure of phosphoglucose isomerase from Trypanosoma brucei complexed with glucose-6-phosphate at 1.6 A resolution","volume":"74","author":"Arsenieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.10.011","article-title":"Multifunctional Ebselen drug functions through the activation of DNA damage response and alterations in nuclear proteins","volume":"83","author":"Azad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4865","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3417-x","article-title":"Ebselen, a promising antioxidant drug: mechanisms of action and targets of biological pathways","volume":"41","author":"Azad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(97)00208-2","article-title":"Competitive inhibition of spinach leaf phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes by erythrose 4-phosphate","volume":"130","author":"Backhausen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4437-4442.2005","article-title":"Application of quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in assessing drug efficacy against the intracellular pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Cai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013170","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis","volume":"346","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0195","article-title":"Antiatherosclerotic and renoprotective effects of ebselen in the diabetic apolipoprotein E\/GPx1-double knockout mouse","volume":"59","author":"Chew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30276-1","article-title":"Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"17","author":"Collaborators","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(99)00002-4","article-title":"Purification and properties of phosphoglucose isomerases of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"122","author":"Concepcion","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib13","series-title":"Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists","author":"Copeland","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24888","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.35.24888","article-title":"The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii expresses two functional plant-like glycolytic enzymes. Implications for evolutionary origin of apicomplexans","volume":"274","author":"Dzierszinski","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01701","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in China","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr516","article-title":"Novel anti-Cryptosporidium activity of known drugs identified by high-throughput screening against parasite fatty acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP)","volume":"67","author":"Fritzler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib17","first-page":"381","article-title":"Ebselen attenuates oxidative stress in ischemic astrocytes depleted of glutathione. Comparison with glutathione precursors","volume":"58","author":"Gabryel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2144\/0000113822","article-title":"Presence and removal of a contaminating NADH oxidation activity in recombinant maltose-binding protein fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli","volume":"52","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-004-0411-6","article-title":"Bifunctional phosphoglucose\/phosphomannose isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309849200","article-title":"Bifunctional phosphoglucose\/phosphomannose isomerases from the Archaea Aeropyrum pernix and Thermoplasma acidophilum constitute a novel enzyme family within the phosphoglucose isomerase superfamily","volume":"279","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/14756360009040706","article-title":"Competitive inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei phosphoglucose isomerase by D-arabinose-5-phosphate derivatives","volume":"15","author":"Hardre","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00662-13","article-title":"Interrogating a hexokinase-selected small-molecule library for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum hexokinase","volume":"57","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0901.095725","article-title":"Ebselen protects both gray and white matter in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"32","author":"Imai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s004080000026","article-title":"Ebselen decreases ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats","volume":"178","author":"Ishii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.08.002","article-title":"Exploring the mode of action of ebselen in Trypanosoma brucei hexokinase inhibition","volume":"3","author":"Joice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-2615-2","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of ebselen on experimental spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"30","author":"Kalayci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000035","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis: what options are there for a country like Zambia?","volume":"138","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31791-9","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ebselen for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"390","author":"Kil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2006.08.006","article-title":"Ebselen treatment reduces noise induced hearing loss via the mimicry and induction of glutathione peroxidase","volume":"226","author":"Kil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60844-2","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000119","article-title":"Eimeria tenella glucose-6-phosphate isomerase: molecular characterization and assessment as a target for anti-coccidial control","volume":"137","author":"Loo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.28485","article-title":"Prospects for immunotherapy and vaccines against Cryptosporidium","volume":"10","author":"Mead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109641200","article-title":"Ebselen, a glutathione peroxidase mimetic seleno-organic compound, as a multifunctional antioxidant implication for inflammation-associated carcinogenesis","volume":"277","author":"Nakamura","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.12.014","article-title":"Cryptosporidium: genomic and biochemical features","volume":"124","author":"Rider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-003-0626-4","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii: characterization of the first archaeal member of the phosphoglucose isomerase superfamily","volume":"181","author":"Rudolph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(99)80061-3","article-title":"Characterization of Aspergillus niger phosphoglucose isomerase. Use for quantitative determination of erythrose 4-phosphate","volume":"81","author":"Ruijter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199802000-00038","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of an antioxidant, ebselen, in patients with delayed neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Saito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0601105","article-title":"Ebselen, a seleno-organic antioxidant, as an electrophile","volume":"19","author":"Sakurai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.05.029","article-title":"Neuroprotection of ebselen against ischemia\/reperfusion injury involves GABA shunt enzymes","volume":"285","author":"Seo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib40","series-title":"Identification of Inhibitors of Trypanosoma Brucei Hexokinases, Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program [Internet]","author":"Sharlow","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004729","article-title":"The burden of cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children < 24 Months of age in moderate\/high mortality regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the global enteric multicenter study (GEMS)","volume":"10","author":"Sow","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901546e","article-title":"The selenazal drug ebselen potently inhibits indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase by targeting enzyme cysteine residues","volume":"49","author":"Terentis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-124-2-403","article-title":"Partial purification and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from Dictyostelium discoideum","volume":"124","author":"Thomas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)59002-X","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis","volume":"59","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(96)00109-8","article-title":"Ebselen-binding equilibria between plasma and target proteins","volume":"52","author":"Ullrich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02977","article-title":"The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis","volume":"431","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1574","article-title":"Ebselen induces apoptosis in HepG(2) cells through rapid depletion of intracellular thiols","volume":"374","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2014.08.002","article-title":"A unique hexokinase in Cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan pathogen lacking the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"165","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05862-11","article-title":"Involvement of host cell integrin alpha2 in Cryptosporidium parvum infection","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00991","article-title":"Quantitative RT-PCR assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) of drugs against the growth of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8579","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122061399","article-title":"Ebselen: a substrate for human thioredoxin reductase strongly stimulating its hydroperoxide reductase activity and a superfast thioredoxin oxidant","volume":"99","author":"Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-2-315","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum appears to lack a plastid genome","volume":"146","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320717301276?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320717301276?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:48:44Z","timestamp":1761922124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211320717301276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2211320717301276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.733854579.793549978","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2211-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Discovery of ebselen as an inhibitor of Cryptosporidium parvum glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (CpGPI) by high-throughput screening of existing drugs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2018.01.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}