{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1793090402778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X000923\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X000923\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:00:08Z","timestamp":1787641208000},"page":"100669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evolutionary and epidemiological considerations for anthelmintic treatments in ruminant livestock"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Neil Philip","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Graham-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1488-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Rose Vineer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3025-z","article-title":"Modelling the impact of insecticide-based control interventions on the evolution of insecticide resistance and disease transmission","volume":"11","author":"Barbosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.030","article-title":"The role of combination anthelmintic formulations in the sustainable control of sheep nematodes","volume":"186","author":"Bartram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.030","article-title":"The role of combination anthelmintic formulations in the sustainable control of sheep nematodes","volume":"186","author":"Bartram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib4","first-page":"258","article-title":"Modelling the consequences of targeted selective treatment strategies on performance and emergence of anthelmintic resistance amongst grazing calves","volume":"6","author":"Berk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol.: Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105103","article-title":"Initial assessment of the economic burden of major parasitic helminth infections to the ruminant livestock industry in Europe","volume":"182","author":"Charlier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45027-2","article-title":"Predicting the risk and speed of drug resistance emerging in soil-transmitted helminths during preventive chemotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Coffeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90141-U","article-title":"World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance","volume":"44","author":"Coles","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(77)90119-9","article-title":"The development of insecticide resistance in the presence of migration","volume":"64","author":"Comins","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300014346","article-title":"Theoretical models of the use of insecticide mixtures for the management of resistance","volume":"75","author":"Curtis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109867","article-title":"A statistical framework for calculating prospective sample sizes and classifying efficacy results for faecal egg count reduction tests in ruminants, horses and swine","volume":"314","author":"Denwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111522","article-title":"Genomic landscape of drug response reveals mediators of anthelmintic resistance","volume":"41","author":"Doyle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib12","unstructured":"Eurostat, n.d. Glossary: livestock unit (LSU). European Statistical Office (Eurostat) Statistics Explained, public guide to European Statistics [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Glossary:Livestock_unit_(LSU)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.040","article-title":"Experimental and modeling approaches to evaluate different aspects of the efficacy of Targeted Selective Treatment of anthelmintics against sheep parasite nematodes","volume":"171","author":"Gaba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-007-0054-z","article-title":"Duration of anthelmintic effect of three formulations of ivermectin (Oral, injectable and pour-on) against multiple anthelmintic-resistant Haemonchus contortus in sheep","volume":"31","author":"Garg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(89)90092-1","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance and the control of ovine ostertagiasis: a drug action model for genetic selection","volume":"19","author":"Gettinby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2022.100090","article-title":"Acaricide resistance in livestock ticks infesting cattle in Africa: current status and potential mitigation strategies","volume":"2","author":"Githaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12862","article-title":"The effect of breed, sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle","volume":"43","author":"Gotardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Pharm & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00800.x","article-title":"Modelling parasite drug resistance: lessons for management and control strategies","volume":"6","author":"Hastings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2020.110383","article-title":"Determinants of optimal insecticide resistance management strategies","volume":"503","author":"Helps","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-024-05147-y","article-title":"The impact of insecticide decay on the rate of insecticide resistance evolution for monotherapies and mixtures","volume":"24","author":"Hobbs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012944","article-title":"Simulating dynamic insecticide selection pressures for resistance management in mosquitoes assuming polygenic resistance","volume":"21","author":"Hobbs","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13546","article-title":"Insecticide resistance management strategies for public health control of mosquitoes exhibiting polygenic resistance: a comparison of sequences, rotations, and mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Hobbs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobbs, N., Rose Vineer, H., 2026. Data and code for Evolutionary and epidemiological considerations for anthelmintic treatments in ruminant livestock. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.33329142.v1.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.04.29.721584"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib24","first-page":"51","article-title":"Refugia and anthelmintic resistance: concepts and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol.: Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1671-y","article-title":"The effect of sheep breed, age, and gender on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative","volume":"106","author":"Hosking","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2025.07.001","article-title":"GLOWORM-META: modelling gastrointestinal nematode metapopulation dynamics to inform cattle biosecurity research","volume":"55","author":"Ingle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109936","article-title":"World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guideline for diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using the faecal egg count reduction test in ruminants, horses and swine","volume":"318","author":"Kaplan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012002181","article-title":"Modelling the short- and long-term impacts of drenching frequency and targeted selective treatment on the performance of grazing lambs and the emergence of anthelmintic resistance","volume":"140","author":"Laurenson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.004","article-title":"Evaluation of \u2018best practice\u2019 (SCOPS) guidelines for nematode control on commercial sheep farms in England and Wales","volume":"207","author":"Learmount","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.06.037","article-title":"Three-year evaluation of best practice guidelines for nematode control on commercial sheep farms in the UK","volume":"226","author":"Learmount","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.022","article-title":"Managing anthelmintic resistance \u2013 parasite fitness, drug use strategy and the potential for reversion towards susceptibility","volume":"198","author":"Leathwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.12.021","article-title":"Managing anthelmintic resistance \u2013 use of a combination anthelmintic and leaving some lambs untreated to slow the development of resistance to ivermectin","volume":"187","author":"Leathwick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005327","article-title":"A two-locus model of the evolution of Insecticide resistance to inform and optimise public health insecticide deployment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Levick","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2010.67513","article-title":"Field efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of the novel combination anthelmintic, derquantel-abamectin, in sheep in New Zealand","volume":"58","author":"Little","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.l6400","article-title":"As little as possible, as much as necessary","volume":"185","author":"Loeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04083-z","article-title":"Modelling new insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria-vector control: how to strategically manage resistance?","volume":"21","author":"Madgwick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7180","article-title":"Beyond redundant kill: a fundamental explanation of how insecticide mixtures work for resistance management","volume":"79","author":"Madgwick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7939","article-title":"What is the value of rotations to insecticide resistance management?","volume":"80","author":"Madgwick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/109.4.761","article-title":"Evolution of resistance in the presence of two insecticides","volume":"109","author":"Mani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.77634","article-title":"The influence of biological, epidemiological, and treatment factors on the establishment and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"11","author":"Masserey","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012820","article-title":"Chromosomal genome assembly resolves drug resistance loci in the parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta","volume":"21","author":"McIntyre","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.11.004","article-title":"Persistent efficacy of long-acting moxidectin for control of trichostrongylid infections of sheep","volume":"81","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib43","author":"Patel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8489.2009.00470.x","article-title":"Economic management of anthelmintic resistance: model and application","volume":"53","author":"Pech","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02042-X","article-title":"Antibiotic and insecticide resistance modeling \u2013 is it time to start talking?","volume":"9","author":"Peck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib46","series-title":"Openmeteo: Retrieve Weather Data from the Open-Meteo API","author":"Pisel","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00145-3","article-title":"Resistance-minimising strategies for introducing a novel antibiotic for gonorrhoea treatment: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"4","author":"Reichert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib48","article-title":"Structure of the scientific community modelling the evolution of resistance","volume":"2","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2010.00124.x","article-title":"The skill and style to model the evolution of resistance to pesticides and drugs","volume":"3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.09.001","article-title":"Heterogeneity of selection and the evolution of resistance","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.11.033","article-title":"GLOWORM-FL: a simulation model of the effects of climate and climate change on the free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of ruminants","volume":"297","author":"Rose","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.002","article-title":"What modeling parasites, transmission, and resistance can teach Us","volume":"36","author":"Rose Vineer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020062","article-title":"Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: creation and meta-analysis of an open database","volume":"27","author":"Rose Vineer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.11.005","article-title":"GLOWORM-PARA: a flexible framework to simulate the population dynamics of the parasitic phase of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting grazing livestock","volume":"50","author":"Rose Vineer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780260409","article-title":"Designing resistance management programs: how can you choose?","volume":"26","author":"Roush","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pestic. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.020","article-title":"Use of a long acting injectable formulation of moxidectin to control the periparturient rise in faecal Teladorsagia circumcincta egg output of ewes","volume":"189","author":"Sargison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2203-y","article-title":"Insecticide resistance evolution with mixtures and sequences: a model-based explanation","volume":"17","author":"South","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12897","article-title":"The role of windows of selection and windows of dominance in the evolution of insecticide resistance in human disease vectors","volume":"13","author":"South","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009029","article-title":"Variation among faecal egg counts following natural nematode infection in Scottish Blackface lambs","volume":"132","author":"Stear","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00903-07","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic determinants of the window of selection for antimalarial drug resistance","volume":"52","author":"Stepniewska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00171-4","article-title":"The role of parasite epidemiology in the management of grazing cattle","volume":"29","author":"Stromberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib62","series-title":"SCOPS Technical Manual","author":"Stubbings","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib63","series-title":"Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods","first-page":"153","article-title":"Modeling and evaluation of resistance management tactics","author":"Tabashnik","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.02.004","article-title":"Economic modelling of grazing management against gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy cattle","volume":"236","author":"van der Voort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib65","first-page":"55","article-title":"Refugia - overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance","volume":"68","author":"van Wyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046722","article-title":"Field studies on inhibition of Haemonchus contortus in sheep","volume":"71","author":"Waller","year":"1975","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669_bib67","series-title":"Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vectors","year":"2012"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100671","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000}}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320726000394?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211320726000394?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:15:15Z","timestamp":1793088915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211320726000394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S2211320726000394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evolutionary and epidemiological considerations for anthelmintic treatments in ruminant livestock","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2026.100669","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100669"}}