{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:27:33Z","timestamp":1760984853373},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000855","name":"University of Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ijporlonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,27]],"date-time":"2013-07-27T12:45:17Z","timestamp":1374929117000},"page":"1523-1529","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The point prevalence of otitis media with effusion in secondary school children in Pokhara, Nepal: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Aparna","family":"Mark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Matharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Dowswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0005","series-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 12","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion in Young children","author":"Stool","year":"1994"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Diagnosis, Natural History and Late Effects of Otitis Media with Effusion. Evidence Report\/Technology Assessment No. 55","author":"Shekelle","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00787.x","article-title":"The prevalence of otitis media with effusion: a critical review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Zielhuis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.1.117","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion: an effort to understand and clarify the uncertainties","volume":"3","author":"Chantzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198504000-00011","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion in preschool children","volume":"95","author":"Casselbrant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Teele","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"May (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00037-3","article-title":"Risk factors of otitis media with effusion during infancy","volume":"48","author":"Engel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0040","first-page":"459","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of secretory otitis","volume":"5","author":"Tos","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100128567","article-title":"The natural history of otitis media with effusion: a three-year study of the incidence and prevalence of abnormal tympanogram in four South West Hampshire infant and first schools","volume":"108","author":"Williamson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Screening Children's Hearing: A Review of the Literature and the Implications for Otitis Media","author":"Haggard","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0050"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0055","first-page":"469","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion","volume":"7","author":"Williamson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Evid."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.06.006","article-title":"Association of otoscopic findings and hearing level in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion","volume":"74","author":"Ungkanont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.08.015","article-title":"Effects of otitis media with effusion on central auditory function","volume":"67","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(95)01132-U","article-title":"Otitis media and reading achievement: a review","volume":"32","author":"Lous","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"October (10)","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.10.1115","article-title":"Predictors of chronic suppurative otitis media in children","volume":"132","author":"van der Veen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.02.002","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: otitis media with effusion","volume":"130","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Surgical Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children","author":"NICE","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0085"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Country Cooperation Strategy, at a Glance: Nepal","author":"World Health Organisation","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0090"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1131-4","article-title":"The point prevalence of otitis media with effusion among primary school children in western Sicily","volume":"267","author":"Martines","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(98)00002-0","article-title":"The point prevalence of otitis media with effusion among school children in Greece","volume":"44","author":"Apostolopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-005-1023-1","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of otitis media with effusion in Trabzon, a city in northeastern Turkey, with an emphasis on the recommendation of OME screening","volume":"263","author":"Caylan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100101367","article-title":"Prevalence of secretory otitis media among school children in Kuwait","volume":"101","author":"Holmquist","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(97)00049-9","article-title":"Prevalence of otitis media with effusion amongst pre-school children in Malaysia","volume":"41","author":"Saim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00607-3","article-title":"Otitis media in children: seasonal changes and socioeconomic level","volume":"62","author":"Castagno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100107078","article-title":"Impedance screening for otitis media with effusion in Nigerian children","volume":"102","author":"Ogisi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. Otol."},{"year":"2010","series-title":"The prevalence of otitis media with effusion amongst primary school children in Pokhara, Nepal","author":"Wall","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0130"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Prevalence of otitis media with effusion in primary school children in Pokhara, Nepal","author":"Amin","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0135"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0140","first-page":"479","article-title":"Prevalence of otitis media in school going children in Eastern Nepal","volume":"4","author":"Maharjan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. (KUMJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0145","unstructured":"Geonames, Manish M, Janaki Technology Pvt. Ltd. Geonames: Pokhara (2008). Available from: http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/1282898\/pokhara.html (cited 8th May 2011)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.09.013","article-title":"Hearing impairment in otitis media with effusion: a cross-sectional study based in Pokhara, Nepal","volume":"75","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0155","unstructured":"Gillick versus West Norfolk and Wisbech A.H.A. (1986) A.C. 112 at 189 per Lord Scarman."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.2.129","article-title":"Upper respiratory tract infections in young children: duration and frequency of complications","volume":"87","author":"Wald","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.3.587","article-title":"Symptoms of respiratory illness in young children and the use of wood-burning stoves for indoor heating","volume":"75","author":"Honicky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9407","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15495-0","article-title":"Otitis media","volume":"363","author":"Rovers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0175","first-page":"1713","article-title":"Tympanometry","volume":"70","author":"Onusko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1379","article-title":"Evidence assessment of the accuracy of method of diagnosing middle ear effusion in children with otitis media with effusion","volume":"112","author":"Takata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006","author":"Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA and Macro International Inc.","key":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024_bib0185"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165587613003224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165587613003224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T11:27:59Z","timestamp":1646220479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165587613003224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165587613003224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5876"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5876"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The point prevalence of otitis media with effusion in secondary school children in Pokhara, Nepal: A cross-sectional study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.06.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}