{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:10:17Z","timestamp":1789945817662,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"City of London Archaeological Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015662","name":"Calleva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1512532766000},"page":"76-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rare paleopathological insights into vitamin D deficiency rickets, co-occurring illnesses, and documented cause of death in mid-19th century London, UK"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022179","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in children: a Great Britain population based study","volume":"6","author":"Absoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2709","article-title":"The roles and mechanisms of actions of vitamin C in bone: new developments","volume":"30","author":"Aghajanian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0015","series-title":"Vitamin D. Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","first-page":"175","article-title":"Mechanism of action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium transport","author":"Ajibade","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0020","series-title":"The Pauper, the Thief and the Convict","author":"Archer","year":"1865"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu235","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation","volume":"210","author":"Assa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0030","unstructured":"Baker, T. (Ed.), 1998. A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green. Downloaded from www.british-history.ac.uk\/report.aspx?compid=22751 (Accessed 27 November 2010)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/095952878306600112","article-title":"On cases described as \u2018acute rickets\u2019 which are probably a combination of scurvy and rickets, the scurvy being the essential and the rickets the variable element","volume":"LXVI","author":"Barlow","year":"1883","journal-title":"Medico-Chirurgical Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/430972","article-title":"Vitamin D in early childhood and the effect on immunity to mycobacterium tuberculosis","author":"Battersby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0045","series-title":"Mrs Beeton\u2019s Book of Household Management and Diseases of Infancy and Childhood","author":"Beeton","year":"1861"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-009-0011-6","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune function: understanding common pathways","volume":"7","author":"Bikle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Osteop. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0055","series-title":"Vitamin D. Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","first-page":"277","article-title":"Extrarenal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d and its health implications","author":"Bikle","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications","volume":"21","author":"Bikle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0065","series-title":"The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease","author":"Brickley","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaa.2014.08.002","article-title":"Biocultural perspectives of vitamin D deficiency in the past","volume":"36","author":"Brickley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anthropol. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0075","series-title":"The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London Since Medieval Times","author":"Brimblecombe","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1124","article-title":"Childhood scurvy in a medieval burial from Ma\u010dvanska Mitrovica, Serbia","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0085","series-title":"Domestic Medicine or a Treatise on the Prevention and Cure of Diseases by Regimen and Simple Medicines with An Appendix containing a Dispensatory for the Use of Private Practitioners","author":"Buchan","year":"1789"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0090","series-title":"Bodies of Evidence. Medicine and the Politics of the English Inquest 1830\u20131926","author":"Burney","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0095","first-page":"1999","article-title":"Vitamin D, childhood wheezing, asthmas, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"vol. II","author":"Camargo","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0100","series-title":"Some Manifestations of Rachitis Not Always Associated with Severe Bone Changes","author":"Carr","year":"1890"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0105","unstructured":"Cassells Household Guide. c.1880s [no date]. New and Revised Edition, 4 Volume."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0110","series-title":"Vitamin D. Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","first-page":"35","article-title":"Photobiology of vitamin D","author":"Chen","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2016.1248170","article-title":"Nutritional rickets around the world: an update","volume":"37","author":"Creo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr. Int. Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00029-X","article-title":"Nutrition and the immune system of the gut","volume":"14","author":"Cunningham-Rundles","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, R., Singh, M., Naik, S., 2015. Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Cochrane Library issue 3. 10.1002\/14651858. CD011597.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011597"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0130","first-page":"614","article-title":"Preventable but no strategy: vitamin D deficiency in the UK","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0135","series-title":"The Englishman's Food. Five Centuries of English Diet","author":"Drummond","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0140","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Vitamin D and osteoporosis","volume":"vol. II","author":"Ebeling","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0145","series-title":"St. Pancras Burial Ground: Excavations for St. Pancras International, the London Terminus of High Speed 1, 2002\u20132003. Gifford Monograph","author":"Emery","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1196-1","article-title":"Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections in childhood","volume":"15","author":"Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0155","series-title":"Mutton and Oysters: Food, Cooking and Eating in Victorian Times","author":"Freeman","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0160","series-title":"Sanitary Ramblings being Sketches and Illustrations of Bethnal Green. A Type of the Condition of the Metropolis and Other Large Towns","author":"Gavin","year":"1848"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0165","series-title":"London Life in the XVIIIth Century","author":"George","year":"1925"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0170","series-title":"The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper\u2019s Manual. Comprising Everything Pertaining to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. The Medial Portion of the Work by John Reitch","author":"Gibbons","year":"1842"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.560","article-title":"Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and upper respiratory tract infection in the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"169","author":"Ginde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0180","first-page":"1569","article-title":"The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer risk","volume":"vol. II","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0185","author":"Glisson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0190","series-title":"The Seven Curses of London","author":"Greenwood","year":"1869"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0195","series-title":"The Epidemic Streets. Infectious Disease and the Rise of Preventative Medicine 1856\u20131900","author":"Hardy","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/7.3.472","article-title":"\u2018Death is the cure of all diseases\u2019: using the general register office cause of death statistics for 1837\u20131920","volume":"7","author":"Hardy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. Hist. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9619-0","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action","volume":"92","author":"Haussler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Calcif. Tiss. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0210","unstructured":"Henderson, M., Miles, A., Walker, D., Connell, B., Wroe-Brown, R., 2013. \u2018He Being Dead Yet Speaketh\u2019: Excavations at Three Post-Medieval Burial Grounds in Tower Hamlets, East London, 2004\u201310. Museum of London Archaeology, Monograph Series 64, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2887","article-title":"Links between the microbiome and bone","volume":"31","author":"Hernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2016-0264","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D status\u2014a changing landscape","volume":"55","author":"Herrmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111001650","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune function: an overview","volume":"71","author":"Hewison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04261.x","article-title":"An update on vitamin D and human immunity","volume":"76","author":"Hewison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330290506","article-title":"Malnutrition and immunological function with special reference to cell-mediated immunity","volume":"29","author":"Hoffman-Goetz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0245","series-title":"Vitamin D. Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","first-page":"3","article-title":"Vitamin d and health: evolution, biologic functions, and recommended dietary intakes for vitamin D","author":"Holick","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0250","series-title":"Ragged London","author":"Hollingshead","year":"1861"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0255","unstructured":"Household Words Narrative 1853. January 10, 1853."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23198","article-title":"Patterns of long bone growth in a mid-19th century documented sample of the urban poor from Bethnal Green London, UK","volume":"163","author":"Ives","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0265","first-page":"150","article-title":"Insights into health, life and death in Victorian London\u2019s East end","volume":"14","author":"Ives","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lond. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0270","first-page":"23","article-title":"The activating enzymes of vitamin D metabolism","volume":"vol. I","author":"Jones","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0590-9","article-title":"Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity","volume":"88","author":"Kamen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0051","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001\u20132004","volume":"124","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0285","unstructured":"Lee, R.J., 1883\u20131884. Lectures Delivered at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. Balliere, Tindall and Cox, King William Street, Strand, London. Wellcome Library b21498738."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0290","series-title":"The Bioarchaeology of Children. Perspectives from Biological and Forensic Anthropology","author":"Lewis","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21239","article-title":"Life and death in a civitas capital: metabolic disease and trauma in the children from late Roman Dorchester, Dorset","volume":"142","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0300","series-title":"Paleopathology of Children: Identification of Pathological Conditions in the Human Skeletal Remains of Non-Adults","author":"Lewis","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0305","series-title":"Syndemics in Paleopathology? A Vitamin D Case Study. Paleopathology Association Scientific Program. 44th Annual North American Meeting","author":"Littleton","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0310","first-page":"1811","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in innate immunity: antimicrobial activity, oxidative stress and barrier function","volume":"vol. II","author":"Liu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.9.1782S","article-title":"Breast-feeding and its role in early development of the immune system in infants: consequences for health later in life","volume":"138","author":"M\u2019Rabet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456010-00012","article-title":"Rickets, osteomalacia, and renal osteodystrophy","volume":"56-A","author":"Mankin","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Part I"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0325","series-title":"Smoke. The Problem of Coal and the Atmosphere","author":"Marsh","year":"1947"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20292","article-title":"Skeletal manifestations of rickets in infants and young children in an historic population from England","volume":"129","author":"Mays","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2013.09.001","article-title":"The paleopathology of scurvy in Europe","volume":"5","author":"Mays","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0340","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency mortality: impaired immune response in infants and elevated cancer risk in adults","volume":"120","author":"Mensforth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0345","unstructured":"Miles, A., Connell, B., 2012. New Bunhill Fields burial ground, Southwark: excavations at Globe Academy, 2008. MOLA Archaeology Series 24, Museum of London, London."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2011.04.002","article-title":"Retrospective diagnosis and the use of historical texts for investigating disease in the past","volume":"1","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2016.02.005","article-title":"Improving the use of historical written sources in paleopathology","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-013-9488-5","article-title":"The microbiome: stress, health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Moloney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2783-5","article-title":"Vitamin D and skeletal health in infancy and childhood","volume":"25","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteop. Int."},{"issue":"478","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0370","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rickets before the discovery of vitamin D","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BoneKEy Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0375","series-title":"Handbook of Vitamin D in Human Health. Prevention, Treatment and Toxicity","first-page":"13","article-title":"Vitamin D in the 21st century: an overview","author":"Oberhelman","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199705)7:3<212::AID-OA346>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Bone changes in the human skull probably resulting from scurvy in infancy and childhood","volume":"7","author":"Ortner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1212(199801\/02)8:1<45::AID-OA405>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Dry-bone manifestations of rickets in infancy and early childhood","volume":"8","author":"Ortner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1046","article-title":"Evidence of probable scurvy in subadults from archaeological sites in North America","volume":"114","author":"Ortner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0395","series-title":"Report to the Vestry of St. Matthew, Bethnal Green on the Sanitary State of the Parish","author":"Pearce","year":"1857"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1039\/c2fo10262e","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency and chronic diseases: hype and reality","volume":"3","author":"Peterlik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0405","series-title":"Pediatric Bone. Biology and Diseases","first-page":"625","article-title":"Nutritional rickets","author":"Pettifor","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0410","first-page":"97","article-title":"The vitamin D receptor: biochemical, molecular, biological, and genomic era investigations","volume":"vol. I","author":"Pike","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0415","series-title":"Vitamin D. Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications","first-page":"61","article-title":"The functional metabolism and molecular biology of vitamin D action","author":"Plum","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X10377820","article-title":"Vitamin D and gastrointestinal diseases: inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"Raman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therap. Adv. Gasteroent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1000","article-title":"The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an endocrine society scientific statement","volume":"33","author":"Rosen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2015.12.002","article-title":"Approaches to co-occurrence: scurvy and rickets in infants and young children of 16th\u201318th century Douai, France","volume":"12","author":"Schattmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0435","series-title":"On the Disorders of Infantile Development, and Rickets Preceded by Observations on the Nature, Peculiar Influence and Modifying Agencies of Temperaments","author":"Schoepf Merei","year":"1855"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0440","series-title":"The People\u2019s Health 1830\u20131910","author":"Smith","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22968","article-title":"More than metabolic: considering the broader epidemiological impact of vitamin D deficiency in bioarchaeology","volume":"160","author":"Snoddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1179\/027249302125001525","article-title":"The usefulness of clinical features to identify active rickets","volume":"22","author":"Thacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Paediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0455","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation to improve treatment outcomes among children diagnosed with respiratory infections, biological","author":"WHO","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Contextual Ration."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106R","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819dba91","article-title":"The vitamin D connection to pediatric infections and immune function","volume":"65","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020122601107","article-title":"Inflammatory mediator in gastrointestinal defense and injury","volume":"226","author":"Wallace","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601845","article-title":"Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 years","volume":"58","author":"Wayse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14636-3","article-title":"Rickets","volume":"362","author":"Wharton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0480","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Vitamin D and innate immunity","volume":"Vol. II","author":"White","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1086\/592434","article-title":"Diet, tuberculosis, and the paleopathological record","volume":"49","author":"Wilbur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0490","series-title":"Endangered Lives. Public Health in Victorian Britain","author":"Wohl","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/204084","article-title":"The osteological paradox: problems of inferring prehistoric health from skeletal samples","volume":"33","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Anthrop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12187","article-title":"Effects of early childhood vitamin D deficiency rickets on bone and dental health, growth and immunity","volume":"12","author":"Zerofsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201010-1596OC","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency causes deficits in lung function and alters lung structure","volume":"183","author":"Zosky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981717301250?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981717301250?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:37:46Z","timestamp":1761820666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879981717301250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["S1879981717301250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-9817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-9817","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rare paleopathological insights into vitamin D deficiency rickets, co-occurring illnesses, and documented cause of death in mid-19th century London, UK","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Paleopathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}