{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:15:38Z","timestamp":1778832938490,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDG 430-2021-00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDG 430-2021-00013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T19:55:34Z","timestamp":1738698934000},"page":"64-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela R.","family":"Lieverse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iderkhangai","family":"Tumur-Ochir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5492-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orgilbayar","family":"Samdantsoodol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Nomokonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Losey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050130","article-title":"Spondyloptosis and multiple-level spondylolysis","volume":"8","author":"Al-Sebai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/09523367.2015.1038251","article-title":"Skeletal changes induced by horse riding on medieval skeletal remains from Croatia","volume":"32","author":"An\u0111elinovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hist. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63784-0","article-title":"Prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative spinal disease","volume":"10","author":"Aoki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199711)104:3<393::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Spondylolysis in prehistoric human remains from Guam and its possible etiology","volume":"104","author":"Arriza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib5","article-title":"Lombalgies et \u00e9quitation","volume":"83","author":"Auvinet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synoviale Rhumatol. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib6","series-title":"Aktual\u2019nye Voprosy Arkheologii i Etnologii Tsentral\u2019noi Azii [Important Issues of Archaeology and Ethnology in Central Asia]","first-page":"188","article-title":"Bioarchaeological research on the bronze and iron age cemetery of Maikhan Tolgoi, Upper Orkhon Valley, central Mongolia","author":"Bemmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.01.016","article-title":"Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries","volume":"193","author":"Ball","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.3010","article-title":"Riding for a fall: bone fractures among mounted archers from the Hungarian conquest period (10th century CE)","volume":"31","author":"Berthon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib9","series-title":"Behaviour in our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal Morphology","first-page":"219","article-title":"Horse riding and the lower limbs","author":"Berthon","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238","article-title":"Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: a comparison of the Ascadi-Nemesk\u00e9ri and Suchey-Brooks methods","volume":"5","author":"Brooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib11","series-title":"Xiongnu Archaeology. Multidisciplinary Perspectives of the First Steppe Empire in Inner Asia","first-page":"19","article-title":"State of research and future directions of Xiongnu studies","author":"Brosseder","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10130","article-title":"Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: a revised method","volume":"119","author":"Buckberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib13","volume":"44","author":"Buikstra","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib14","series-title":"Identification and Interpretation of Joint Disease in Paleopathology and Forensic Anthropology","author":"Burt","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31264-3","article-title":"Pars interarticularis stress reaction, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis in gymnasts","volume":"4","author":"Ciullo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2017.07.001","article-title":"Spondylolysis in the past: a case study of hunter-gatherers from southern Patagonia","volume":"19","author":"D\u2019Angelo de Campo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2307\/2059235","article-title":"Ancient Inner Asian nomads: their economic basis and its significance in Chinese history","volume":"53","author":"Di Cosmo","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Asian Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib18","series-title":"Ancient China and Its Enemies","author":"Di Cosmo","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib19","first-page":"120","article-title":"Vertebral joint disease and trauma with horse riding among ancient Mongolian pastoralists","volume":"56","author":"Eng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. (Suppl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.07.072","article-title":"A bioarchaeological study of osteoarthritis among populations of northern China and Mongolia during the Bronze to Iron Age transition to nomadic pastoralism","volume":"405","author":"Eng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.766","article-title":"Prevalence rates of spondylolysis in British skeletal populations","volume":"15","author":"Fibiger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00008","article-title":"The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"66","author":"Fredrickson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib23","series-title":"Activity Markers and Horse Riding in Mongolia: Entheseal Changes among Bronze and Iron Age Human Skeletal Remains (Master\u2019s Thesis)","first-page":"1533","author":"Fuka","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.03.008","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Gagnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0247","article-title":"Sagittal spinal morphotype assessment in dressage and show jumping riders","volume":"29","author":"Gin\u00e9s-D\u00edaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199412000-00016","article-title":"Spondylolysis. Bending of the inferior articular processes of lumbar vertebrae during simulated spinal movements","volume":"19","author":"Greene","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2015.04.035","article-title":"\u2018You must keep going\u2019 \u2013 musculoskeletal systems stress indicators of prehistoric mobile pastoralists in western China","volume":"405","author":"Gresky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199502000-00004","article-title":"Acute spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Risk of progression and neurological complications","volume":"77","author":"Hilibrand","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10963-013-9069-2","article-title":"The nomad as state builder: historical theory and material evidence from Mongolia","volume":"26","author":"Honeychurch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. World Prehist."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado9774","article-title":"Tracing horseback riding and transport in the human skeleton","volume":"10","author":"Hosek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib31","unstructured":"Iderkhangai, T., Erdene, M., Mijiddorj, E., Orgilbayar, S., Maratkhaan, A., Galbadrakh, B., 2014. Report of the Archaeological Rescue Excavation and Research along the Road Line and Eg River Hydroelectric Power Station area in Khutug-Undur sum of Bulgan aimag. Ulaanbaatar, pp. 101\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818edcfd","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: prevalence and association with low back pain the adult community-based population","volume":"43","author":"Kalichman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2934","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis in ancient Siberian Eskimo","volume":"31","author":"Karapetian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2018.11.002","article-title":"A paleopathological analysis of skeletal remains from Bronze Age Mongolia","volume":"69","author":"Karstens","year":"2018","journal-title":"HOMO \u2013 J. Comp. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib35","first-page":"79","article-title":"Social and economic structure of the Xiongnu of the Trans-Baikal region","volume":"1","author":"Kradin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archaeol. Ethnol. Anthropol. Eurasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509336927","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the lumbar spine in elite horseback riders","volume":"37","author":"Kraft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of low back pain on patients\u2019 radiological reports","volume":"3","author":"Kyei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1172","article-title":"Spondylolysis and lifestyle among prehistoric coastal groups from Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Lessa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib39","series-title":"Ortner\u2019s Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains","first-page":"585","article-title":"Congenital and neuromechanical abnormalities of the skeleton","author":"Lewis","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib40","first-page":"283","article-title":"Multiple-level lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg.: Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib41","series-title":"Reconstructing Diet, Health, and Activity Patterns in Early Nomadic Pastoral Communities of Inner Asia (PhD dissertation)","author":"Machicek","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeae.2012.11.017","article-title":"Dental wear pattersn and subsistence activities in early nomadic pastoralist communities of the central Asian steppes","volume":"40","author":"Machicek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archaeol. Ethnol. Anthropol. Eurasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib43","series-title":"Bioarchaeology of East Asia","first-page":"246","article-title":"Stresses of life: a preliminary study of degenerative joint disease and dental health among ancient populations of inner Asia","author":"Machicek","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.5744\/fa.2018.0019","article-title":"The articulating neural arch: a rare developmental anomaly","volume":"1","author":"Mann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Anthropol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0266","article-title":"Lumbar spine loading during dressage riding","volume":"29","author":"Mason","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20447","article-title":"Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, and lumbo-sacral morphology in a medieval English skeletal population","volume":"131","author":"Mays","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.900","article-title":"Spondylolysis in the lower thoracic-upper lumbar spine in a British Medieval population","volume":"17","author":"Mays","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.878","article-title":"Spondylolysis in non-adult skeletons excavated from a medieval rural archaeological site in England","volume":"17","author":"Mays","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib49","series-title":"Age Markers in the Human Skeleton","first-page":"137","article-title":"Age changes in the pelvis: implications for paleodemography","author":"Meindl","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib50","series-title":"Patterns of Activity-Induced Pathology in a Canadian Inuit Population (Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper No. 119)","author":"Merbs","year":"1983"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199511000-00011","article-title":"Incomplete spondylolysis and healing: a study of ancient Canadian Eskimo skeletons","volume":"20","author":"Merbs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446238","article-title":"Spondylolysis: its nature and anthropological significance","volume":"4","author":"Merbs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(1996)23+<201::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: a cost of being an erect biped or a clever adaptation?","volume":"39","author":"Merbs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Yearb. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199611)101:3<357::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Spondylolysis of the sacrum in Alaskan and Canadian Inuit skeletons","volume":"101","author":"Merbs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1125","article-title":"Degenerative spondylolisthesis in ancient and historic skeletons from New Mexico Pueblo sites","volume":"116","author":"Merbs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.623","article-title":"Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from arctic Canada","volume":"12","author":"Merbs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199103000-00016","article-title":"Congenital lumbar defect of the upper lumbar spine associated with pars defect. A report of eleven cases","volume":"16","author":"Miki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.15184\/aqy.2018.136","article-title":"Stone lines and burnt bones: ritual elaborations in Xiongnu mortuary arenas of Inner Asia","volume":"92","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941020-00012","article-title":"Spondylolysis. Its anatomy and mechanism of development","volume":"41A","author":"Nathan","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442202","article-title":"Activity-induced skeletal markers in historical anthropological material","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e1lfi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2009.3.1.35","article-title":"Multiple levels of lumbar spondylolysis \u2013 a case report","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.1.46","article-title":"Rider injury rates and emergency medical services at equestrian events","volume":"33","author":"Paix","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2245","article-title":"The occurrence and possible aetiology of spondylolysis in a precontact California population","volume":"24","author":"Pilloud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eoaa003","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spinal adaptations for bipedalism. The overshoot hypothesis","author":"Plomp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib65","series-title":"Behaviour in our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal Morphology","first-page":"173","article-title":"Behaviour and the bones of the thorax and spine","author":"Plomp","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1249\/00149619-200412000-00003","article-title":"Overuse injuries in equestrian athletes","volume":"3","author":"Pugh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib67","series-title":"The Archaeology of Disease","author":"Roberts","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091090207","article-title":"The incidence of separate neural arch and coincident bone variations","volume":"109","author":"Roche","year":"1951","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(87)90005-7","article-title":"Arthropathies in paleopathology: the basis of classification according to most probable cause","volume":"14","author":"Rogers","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib70","series-title":"Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science","first-page":"163","article-title":"The paleopathology of joint disease","author":"Rogers","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib71","article-title":"New standardised visual forms for recording the presence of human skeletal elements in archaeological and forensic contexts","volume":"13","author":"Roksandic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Internet Archaeol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198101000-00005","article-title":"The incidences of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in non-ambulatory patients","volume":"6","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000239155.37261.69","article-title":"Sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis in the presence of L5\u2013S1 isthmic lysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis","volume":"31","author":"Roussouly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/2052546.1992.11931621","article-title":"Vertebral pathology in prehistoric and historic skeletons from northeastern Nebraska","volume":"37","author":"Sandness","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plains Anthropol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000546","article-title":"Prevalence of spondylolysis in symptomatic adolescent athletes: an assessment of sport risk in nonelite athletes","volume":"29","author":"Selhorst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678608993222","article-title":"Spondylolysis in Eskimo skeletons","volume":"57","author":"Simper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335040-00012","article-title":"The age incidence of neural arch defects in Alaskan natives, considered from the standpoint of etiology","volume":"35A","author":"Stewart","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.106.Supplement_127","article-title":"Indicators of stress in prehistoric Jomon skeletal remains in Japan","volume":"106","author":"Suzuki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anthropol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib79","article-title":"Spondylolysis in ancient Nubian skeletal populations","volume":"10","author":"Tipper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20010601-12","article-title":"Degenerative spondyloarthropathy of the cervical and lumbar spine in jockeys","volume":"24","author":"Tsirikos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218801882","article-title":"Traumatic lumbar spondylolisthesis: a systematic review and case series","volume":"9","author":"Ver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689108400915","article-title":"Variations in the prevalence of spondylolysis in early British populations","volume":"84","author":"Waldron","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1390010109","article-title":"Variations in the rates of spondylolysis in early populations","volume":"1","author":"Waldron","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21142","article-title":"Lumbar vertebral morphology and isthmic spondylolysis in a British medieval population","volume":"141","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.964","article-title":"Life on horseback: paleopathology of two Scythian skeletons from Alexandropol, Ukraine","volume":"19","author":"Wentz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2989","article-title":"A rare case of multi-level spondylolysis\u2014a nineteenth century Chinese immigrant to Peru from Castillo de Huarmey archaeological site","author":"Wieckowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib87","first-page":"196","article-title":"The etiology of spondylolisthesis of L2 in identical twins","volume":"26","author":"Wiltse","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Manip. Physiol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00098495","article-title":"The Xiongnu settlements of Egiin Gol, Mongolia","volume":"83","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10814-020-09152-y","article-title":"Prehistoric Mongolian archaeology in the early 21st century: developments in the steppe and beyond","volume":"29","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib90","series-title":"Continuity and Authority on the Mongolian Steppe: The Egiin Gol Survey 1997\u20132002","author":"Wright","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib91","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis: a report of four cases from two generations of a family","volume":"25","author":"Yarube","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24194","article-title":"Violence in the first millennium BCE Eurasian steppe: cranial trauma in three Turpin Basin populations from Xinjiang, China","volume":"175","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981725000038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981725000038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:05:51Z","timestamp":1778832351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879981725000038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S1879981725000038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-9817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-9817","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multi-level spondylolysis at Egiin Gol: A case from Xiongnu period Mongolia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Paleopathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}