{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T23:10:06Z","timestamp":1758669006765,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1741150886000},"page":"58-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ossicular chain changes revealed middle ear inflammation in medieval rural central Italy (Tuscany 10th-12th\u00a0century)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emy","family":"Gentile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Giuffra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Campana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3048-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Riccomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2486\/josh.2.1","article-title":"Auditory and respiratory health disorders among workers in an iron and steel factory","volume":"2","author":"Abdel-Rasoul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zagazig J. Occup. Health Saf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.215470","article-title":"Respiratory and auditory disorders in a ceramic manufacturing factory (Queisna City, Menoufia Governorate)","volume":"30","author":"Abdel-Rasoul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menou Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib3","unstructured":"Acs\u00e1di, G.Y., Nemesk\u00e9ri, J., 1970. History of human life span and mortality. Akad\u00e9miaiKiad\u00f3, Budapest, Hungary."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05339-2","article-title":"Ossicular chain erosion in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma or granulation tissue or without those: analysis of 915 cases","volume":"276","author":"Akarcay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib5","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ossicular chain lesions in cholesteatoma","volume":"32","author":"Albera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100064653","article-title":"The blood supply of the long process of the incus and the head and neck of stapes","volume":"79","author":"Alberti","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21258","article-title":"Brief communication: the London atlas of human tooth development and eruption","volume":"142","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22473","article-title":"Accuracy of dental age estimation charts: Schour and Massler, Ubelaker and the London Atlas","volume":"154","author":"AlQahtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthr."},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"Altman","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib9"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1028872","article-title":"Acute otitis media","volume":"127","author":"Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1028317","article-title":"Otitis media with effusion","volume":"127","author":"Atkinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"year":"1998","series-title":"The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology","author":"Aufderheide","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib12"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.214","article-title":"Present and future K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution","volume":"5","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data."},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Respiratory health in the past: a bioarchaeological study of chronic maxillary sinusitis and rib periostitis from the Iron Age to the Post Medieval Period in Southern England","author":"Bernofsky","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib14"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib15","first-page":"37","article-title":"Otitis, sinusitis, and mastoiditis: ear or facial pain following a common cold","volume":"15","author":"Berry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intro. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330980408","article-title":"Maxillary sinusitis in Medieval Chichester, England","volume":"98","author":"Boocock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib17","first-page":"265","article-title":"Prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in leprous individuals from a Medieval leprosy hospital","volume":"63","author":"Boocock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib18","series-title":"The bioarchaeology of urbanization. The biological, demographic, and social consequences of living in cities","first-page":"379","article-title":"Respiratory stress at the periphery of industrial-era London: insight from parishes within and outside the city","author":"Boyd","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437238","article-title":"Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: a comparison of the Acs\u00e1di-Nemesk\u00e9ri and Suchey-Brooks methods","volume":"5","author":"Brooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(90)90044-6","article-title":"The auditory ossicles in human skeletal remains from a leper cemetery in Chichester, England","volume":"17","author":"Bruintjes","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10130","article-title":"Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: a revised method","volume":"119","author":"Buckberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"volume":"44","year":"1994","author":"Buikstra","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib22"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S364845","article-title":"Risk factors for respiratory viral infections: a spotlight on climate change and air pollution","volume":"25","author":"Burbank","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"Forensic Anthropology Training Manual","author":"Burns","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib24"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2023.07.003","article-title":"A distant city: assessing the impact of Dutch socioeconomic developments on urban and rural health using respiratory disease as a proxy","volume":"42","author":"Casna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200502000-00002","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to otitis media","volume":"5","author":"Casselbrant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib27","series-title":"Otolaryngology: head & neck surgery","first-page":"2761","article-title":"Acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion","author":"Casselbrant","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199905000-00009","article-title":"Bone modeling dynamics in acute otitis media","volume":"109","author":"Cay\u00e9-Thomasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750061651","article-title":"Adaptive bone modeling and remodeling in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type B Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis","volume":"120","author":"Cay\u00e9-Thomasen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-009-0179-6","article-title":"Anatomy of the distal incus in humans","volume":"10","author":"Chien","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1086\/528685","article-title":"Viral upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media complication in young children","volume":"46","author":"Chonmaitree","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12147","article-title":"Household air pollution from wood burning in two reconstructed houses from the Danish viking age","volume":"25","author":"Christensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib34","series-title":"Allergic diseases. Current clinical practice","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-382-0_10","article-title":"Sinusitis and otitis media","author":"Corren","year":"2007"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib35","first-page":"149","article-title":"I paesaggi dell'albero nell'Italia Medievale (secoli XIIXIV)","volume":"25","author":"Cortonesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Norba. Rev. De. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib36","first-page":"113","article-title":"The forgotten pathology: middle ear disease at Mount Nebo, Jordan","volume":"156","author":"Cullen Doyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"year":"2016","series-title":"Developmental juvenile osteology","author":"Cunningham","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib37"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib38","unstructured":"Danishyar, A., Ashurst, J.V., 2023. Acute otitis media. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib39","series-title":"The Routledge Handbook of the bioarchaeology of climate and environmental change","first-page":"240","article-title":"Respiratory disease in the Middle Nile Valley: the impact of environment and aridification","author":"Davies-Barrett","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01144-6","article-title":"Cholesteatoma severely impacts the integrity and bone material quality of the incus","volume":"113","author":"Delsmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31169-1","article-title":"Histology findings' correlation between the ossicular chain in the transoperative and cholesteatomas","volume":"73","author":"Dornelles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.5152\/tao.2020.5761","article-title":"Complications of acute and chronic otitis media in a tertiary referral center in Nepal","volume":"58","author":"Dongol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib43","first-page":"439","article-title":"A study on influence of chronic sinusitis on mucosal active type of chronic otitis media in a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad","volume":"31","author":"Dudapaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino14.239","article-title":"Exposure to cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection","volume":"53","author":"Eccles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001368","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood hearing loss in rural Alaska","author":"Emmett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ear Hear. 44(5)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2020.10.006","article-title":"Osteolytic lesions on the os petrosum of a Bronze Age individual from La Llana cave (Northern Spain) compatible with a possible case of otitis media. A multifaceted methodological approach","volume":"31","author":"Estalrrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib47","series-title":"Martiri, santi e patroni: per una archeologia della devozione, Atti del X Congresso Nazionale di Archeologia Cristiana","first-page":"715","article-title":"Complesso archeologico di Pava: nuovi dati dalle ultime campagne di scavo","author":"Felici","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib48","first-page":"1","article-title":"La lunga diacronia di un sito archeologico toscano: il complesso di Pava (Siena) dal II al XIII sec","author":"Felici","year":"2016","journal-title":"D. C. J. Fasti Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(80)90061-5","article-title":"Recommendation for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons","volume":"9","author":"Ferembach","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Hum. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.3108","article-title":"Abnormal bone loss in the external auditory canal of two adult humans from the medieval period of Germany. An attempt at differential diagnosis","volume":"32","author":"Flohr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2023.10.005","article-title":"Is the promontory a promising site to diagnose otitis media in paleopathology? A search for evidence","volume":"43","author":"Flohr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2873","article-title":"Ear infection prevalence in prehistoric and historic populations of the southern Levant: a new diagnostic method","volume":"30","author":"Floreanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib53","first-page":"117","article-title":"Otitis media and sinusitis","volume":"3","author":"Gentile","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13886","article-title":"Trends in adult otitis media incidence. A 20-year national observational study in Sweden","volume":"47","author":"Gisselsson-Solen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib55","article-title":"The Eustachian tube dysfunction in children: anatomical considerations and current trends in invasive therapeutic approaches","volume":"14","author":"Goulioumis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1530800","article-title":"Otitis media and mastoiditis in temporal bones of prehistoric Chilean populations. A paleopathological and paleoepidemiological study","volume":"139","author":"Goycoolea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9456","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119456","article-title":"Relative humidity and its impact on the immune system and infections","volume":"24","author":"Guarnieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.09.026","article-title":"Genetic background and the risk of otitis media","volume":"76","author":"Hafr\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132551","article-title":"Predisposition to childhood otitis media and genetic polymorphisms within the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Locus","volume":"10","author":"Hafr\u00e9n","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.01.002","article-title":"Climate change and human health: impacts, vulnerability and public health","volume":"120","author":"Haines","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib61","first-page":"435","article-title":"Otitis media: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"88","author":"Harmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib62","first-page":"1","article-title":"PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14102","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the development of chronic suppurative otitis media in children: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Heward","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001265","article-title":"Environmental factors for hearing loss and middle ear disease in Alaska native children and adolescents: across-sectional analysis from a cluster randomized trial","volume":"44","author":"Hicks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2014.41006","article-title":"Otitis media in children: review article","volume":"4","author":"Ilechukwu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib66","first-page":"292","article-title":"Increased risk of chronic otitis media in chronic rhinosinusitis patients: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24625","article-title":"Contextualizing bilateral asymmetry and gender: a multivariate approach to femoral cross-sectional geometry at rural Medieval Pieve di Pava, Italy","volume":"180","author":"Kinkopf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Biol. Anthropol."},{"year":"2018","series-title":"MorphoPASSE: the Morphological Pelvis and Skull Sex Estimation Database Manual","author":"Klales","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib68"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0712-3","article-title":"The effect of breastfeeding on childhood otitis media","volume":"17","author":"K\u00f8rvel-Hanquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","article-title":"World map of the K\u00f6ppen- Geiger climate classification updated","volume":"15","author":"Kottek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.2545","article-title":"Skeletal evidence for otitis media in Mediaeval and Post-Mediaeval children from Poland, Central Europe","volume":"27","author":"Krenz-Niedba\u0142a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib72","series-title":"The bioarchaeology of urbanization. The biological, demographic, and social consequences of living in cities","first-page":"245","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in respiratory tract infections in medieval and early modern polish subadult samples","author":"Krenz-Niedba\u0142a","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib73","first-page":"120","article-title":"Complications of acute otitis media: a single center experience","volume":"8","author":"Kucur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6657(10)70019-6","article-title":"Molecular control of bone resorption in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma","volume":"64","author":"Kuczkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Pol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00597.x","article-title":"The vascular supply of the lenticular and long processes of the incus","volume":"18","author":"Lannigan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.594","article-title":"Reliability of high-resolution CT scan in diagnosis of ossicular tympanosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Larem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"issue":". 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320100230S107","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of rhinosinusitis in children","volume":"23","author":"Leo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330980409","article-title":"Comparative study of the prevalence of maxillary sinusitis in Later Medieval urban and rural populations in Northern England","volume":"98","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"year":"2007","series-title":"The bioarchaeology of children: perspectives from biological and forensic anthropology","author":"Lewis","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib79"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.11.014","article-title":"Opacification of the middle ear and mastoid: imaging findings and clues to differential diagnosis","volume":"70","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.06.005","article-title":"Potential effects of particulate matter from combustion during services on human health and on works of art in medieval churches in Cyprus","volume":"158","author":"Loupa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680105","article-title":"Dental wear in Libbean population: its functional pattern and role in the determination of adult skeletal age at the death","volume":"68","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680103","article-title":"Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death","volume":"68","author":"Lovejoy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.09.011","article-title":"Cold temperature and low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory tract infections","volume":"103","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin17.165","article-title":"Eustachian tube symptoms are frequent in chronic rhinosinusitis and respond well to endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"56","author":"Maniakas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13661","article-title":"Internal vascular channel architecture in human auditory ossicles","volume":"241","author":"Manoharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.08.004","article-title":"Assessment of health implications related to processing and use of natural wool insulation products","volume":"73","author":"Mansour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Comprehensive and clinical anatomy of the middle ear","author":"Mansour","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib88"},{"issue":"S9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02926.x","article-title":"Otitis media: viruses, bacteria, biofilms and vaccines","volume":"191","author":"Massa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200003)111:3<301::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Maxillary sinusitis as an indicator of respiratory health in past populations","volume":"111","author":"Merrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2022.105449","article-title":"Exploring activity induced dental modifications in medieval Pieve di Pava (central Italy, 10th-12th centuries AD)","volume":"140","author":"Monaco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib92","first-page":"662","article-title":"Recurrent sinusitis and impairment of eustachian tube function in air passengers and crew","volume":"61","author":"Moser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib93","first-page":"938","article-title":"Exposure to cold and respiratory tract infections","volume":"11","author":"Mourtzoukou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.11637\/kjpa.2014.27.1.11","article-title":"Maxillary sinusitis from India: abio-cultural approach","volume":"27","author":"Mushrif-Tripathy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.4140094","article-title":"Lesions of the middle ear ossicles: acquired, traumatic, congenital, and postsurgical pathology","volume":"4","author":"Noujaim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2020.10.009","article-title":"Evidence of otitis media and mastoiditis in a Medieval Islamic skeleton from Spain and possible implications for ancient surgical treatment of the condition","author":"Oliv\u00e9-Busom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat. 32"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Otitis media: state of the art concepts and treatment","author":"Preciado","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib97"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.09.003","article-title":"Temporal changes in childhood health during the medieval Little Ice Age in Denmark","volume":"27","author":"Primeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.05.006","article-title":"An innovative method to visualise mastoiditis using a hand-held X-ray system","volume":"26","author":"Purchase","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib100","first-page":"15","article-title":"Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Qureishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"issue":". 543","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800454053","article-title":"Auditory ossicles in archaeological skeletal material from medieval Denmark","author":"Qvist","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00020","article-title":"Chronic otitis media sequelae in skeletal material from Medieval Denmark","volume":"111","author":"Qvist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Bioarchaeology and dietary reconstruction across Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages in Tuscany, Central Italy","author":"Riccomi","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib103"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2021.09.001","article-title":"Maxillary sinusitis as a respiratory health indicator: a bioarchaeological investigation into medieval central Italy","volume":"35","author":"Riccomi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib105","series-title":"Human osteology in archaeology and forensic science","first-page":"145","article-title":"Infectious disease in biocultural perspective: past, present and future work in Britain","author":"Roberts","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib106","series-title":"Ecological aspects of past human settlements in Europe","first-page":"179","article-title":"Ecology and infectious disease in Britain from prehistory to the present: thecase of respiratory infection","author":"Roberts","year":"2002"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"The archaeology of disease","author":"Roberts","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib107"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8523-6","article-title":"Non-canonical (RANKL-independent) pathways of osteoclast differentiation and their role in musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"51","author":"Sabokbar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100078476","article-title":"The aetiology of bone destruction in chronic otitis media","volume":"88","author":"Sad\u00e9","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181e9becb","article-title":"Ossicular bone modeling in acute otitis media","volume":"31","author":"Salomonsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib111","series-title":"Forensic Osteology: Advances in the Identification of Human Remains","first-page":"321","article-title":"The timing of injuries and manner of death: distinguishing among antemortem, peri- mortem and postmortem trauma","author":"Sauer","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib112","article-title":"Otitis media","volume":"2","author":"Schilder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.908","article-title":"Infancy and childhood in the pre-Columbian North American Southwest\u2013first results of the palaeopathological investigation of the skeletons from the Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona","volume":"17","author":"Schultz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(03)00023-1","article-title":"Osteoma of the malleus: a case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Shimizu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Landscape and change in early medieval Italy: chestnuts, economy, and culture","author":"Squatriti","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib115"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1268","article-title":"Chronic maxillary sinusitis in medieval Sigtuna, Sweden: a study of sinus health and effects on bone preservation","volume":"23","author":"Sundman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2013.06.010","article-title":"Signs of sinusitis in times of urbanization in Viking Age-Early Medieval Sweden","volume":"40","author":"Sundman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.3.3918333","article-title":"Post inflammatory ossicular fixation: CT analysis with surgical correlation","volume":"154","author":"Swartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib119","first-page":"1","article-title":"Miranduolo (Chiusdino\u2013SI) Campagna 2012","volume":"267","author":"Valenti","year":"2013","journal-title":"FOLDR Fasti"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib120","article-title":"Miranduolo in alta Val di Merse (Chiusdino-SI)","volume":"17","author":"Valenti","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib121","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children","volume":"11","author":"Venekamp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1027133","article-title":"Chronic otitis media","volume":"127","author":"Wallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510011919X","article-title":"Necrosis of the incus by the chorda tympani nerve","volume":"106","author":"Watson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib124","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of women and gender in medieval Europe","article-title":"Rural Economies","author":"Whittle","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2019.4786","article-title":"Chronic otitis media with granulation is a poor prognostic factor for hearing improvement and development of intracranial complications","volume":"15","author":"Wiatr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Adv. Otol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4422-6","article-title":"The role of bone resorption in the etiopathogenesis of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"274","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2014.03.010","article-title":"Incidentally detected middle ear osteoma: two cases reports and literature review","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1345027","article-title":"Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems","volume":"15","author":"Zahid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086397","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2020.03.001","article-title":"Two probable cases of mastoiditis in a cemetery from the Warring States to Han Dynasty (475\u00a0BCE\u2013220\u00a0CE) in Qufu, Shandong Province, China","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopat."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Paleopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981725000154?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879981725000154?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T22:51:13Z","timestamp":1758667873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879981725000154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":130,"alternative-id":["S1879981725000154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-9817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1879-9817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ossicular chain changes revealed middle ear inflammation in medieval rural central Italy (Tuscany 10th-12th\u00a0century)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Paleopathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2025.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}