{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T23:56:02Z","timestamp":1769644562588,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009010","name":"Henan Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T10:04:25Z","timestamp":1603447465000},"page":"196-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longxian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8971-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yurong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.06.002","article-title":"Geographical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in Asia: a link with neighboring continents","volume":"53","author":"Chaichan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1453.1","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in selected zoos in the midwestern United States","volume":"94","author":"de Camps","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02108","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in food animals and humans (2000-2017) from China","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.11.001","article-title":"Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice","volume":"200","author":"Dubey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","article-title":"History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/262213a0","article-title":"Reshedding of Toxoplasma oocysts by chronically infected cats","volume":"262","author":"Dubey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib7","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","first-page":"1","author":"Dubey","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2307\/3283823","article-title":"Duration of immunity to shedding of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by cats","volume":"81","author":"Dubey","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2307\/3284206","article-title":"Infectivity and pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts for cats","volume":"82","author":"Dubey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.018","article-title":"Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts","volume":"140","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.051","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characaterization of Toxoplasma gondii from mute swan (Cyngus olor) from the USA","volume":"195","author":"Dubey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1448.1","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus and Macropus eugenii): blindness, treatment with atovaquone, and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"94","author":"Dubey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01426.x","article-title":"Serological responses of equids fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts","volume":"19","author":"Dubey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001673","article-title":"Oral oocyst-induced mouse model of toxoplasmosis: effect of infection with Toxoplasma gondii strains of different genotypes, dose, and mouse strains (transgenic, out-bred, in-bred) on pathogenesis and mortality","volume":"139","author":"Dubey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.05.013","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in sand cats (Felis margarita) and other animals in the breeding centre for endangered arabian wildlife in the United Arab Emirates and Al wabra wildlife preservation, the state of Qatar","volume":"172","author":"Dubey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2385","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in captive wild felids of Mexico: its frequency and capability to eliminate oocysts","volume":"19","author":"Gomez-Rios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.06.009","article-title":"An innovative survey underlining the significant level of contamination by Toxoplasma gondii of ovine meat consumed in France","volume":"40","author":"Halos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108563","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in lambs of China: heart juice serology, isolation and genotyping","volume":"322","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2009.01.017","article-title":"The nutrition and natural history of the serval (Felis serval) and caracal (Caracal caracal)","volume":"12","author":"Livingston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Exot. Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3706-2","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in small exotic felids from zoos in Europe and the Middle East: serological prevalence and risk factors","volume":"12","author":"L\u00fccht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis","volume":"39","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-7","article-title":"Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes","volume":"3","author":"Reischl","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2017.01.009","article-title":"On the determination of Toxoplasma gondii virulence in mice","volume":"174","author":"Saraf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3871-3","article-title":"Species-specific differences in Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in Namibian wildlife","volume":"13","author":"Seltmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-09-229","article-title":"High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in an urban caracal (caracal caracal) population in South Africa","volume":"55","author":"Serieys","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib26","first-page":"16","article-title":"Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild animals from Shanghai Zoo","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chinese Vet. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6956","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722202115","article-title":"Human impact on the diversity and virulence of the ubiquitous zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"115","author":"Shwab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.10.005","article-title":"The ROP18 and ROP5 gene allele types are highly predictive of virulence in mice across globally distributed strains of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"46","author":"Shwab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.05.003","article-title":"Corrigendum to \"The ROP18 and ROP5 gene allele types are highly predictive of virulence in mice across globally distributed strains of Toxoplasma gondii\" [Int. J. Parasitol. 46 (2016) 141-146]","volume":"46","author":"Shwab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1638\/02-046","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in captive and free-ranging nondomestic felids in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Spencer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991065","article-title":"Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"137","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib32","first-page":"234","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in four captive kangaroos (Macropus spp.) in China: isolation of a strain of a new genotype from an eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol.: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.013","article-title":"Identification of a master regulator of differentiation in Toxoplasma","volume":"180","author":"Waldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1682471","article-title":"Direct evidence of an extra-intestinal cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in tigers (Panthera tigris) by isolation of viable strains","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01414","article-title":"Antibody detection, isolation, genotyping, and virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in captive felids from China","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.05.006","article-title":"Isolation and genetic characterization of viable Toxoplasma gondii from tissues and feces of cats from the central region of China","volume":"211","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib37","first-page":"68","article-title":"A survey of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of rare wildlife in zoo","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chinese J. Veter. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib38","first-page":"10","article-title":"Direct agglutination test for diagnosing Toxoplasma gondii infection","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chin. J. Zoonoses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.10.021","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: a study of oocyst re-shedding in domestic cats","volume":"249","author":"Zulpo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213224420300961?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213224420300961?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:48:22Z","timestamp":1761976102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213224420300961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2213224420300961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2244","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from captive caracals (Caracal caracal)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}