{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1791190691786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T15:15:04Z","timestamp":1107875704000},"page":"271-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Non-conscious modulation of cardiac defense by masked phobic pictures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ruiz-Padial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(89)90105-X","article-title":"Attack and defense in rodents as ethoexperimental models for the study of emotion","volume":"13","author":"Blanchard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib2","series-title":"Handbook of psychophysiology","first-page":"602","article-title":"Emotion and motivation","author":"Bradley","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib3","series-title":"Cognitive neuroscience of emotion","first-page":"242","article-title":"Measuring emotion. behavior, feeling, and physiology","author":"Bradley","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib5","series-title":"VPM reference manual","author":"Cook","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib6","series-title":"Attention and orienting: sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"137","article-title":"Differentiating orienting, startle and defense responses: the role of affect and its implications for psychopathology","author":"Cook","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib7","series-title":"Attention and orienting: sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"69","article-title":"The neurophysiological basis of acoustic startle modulation: research on fear motivation and sensory gating","author":"Davis","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib8","series-title":"Startle modification. Implications for neuroscience, cognitive science, and clinical science","first-page":"95","article-title":"Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of startle and its affective modulation","author":"Davis","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib9","first-page":"S36","article-title":"Social fear and unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expression","volume":"37","author":"Dimberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00221","article-title":"Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions","volume":"11","author":"Dimberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939408408949","article-title":"Automatically elicited fear. Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions","volume":"8","author":"Esteves","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02446.x","article-title":"Nonconscious associative learning. Pavlovian conditioning of skin conductance responses to masked fear-relevant facial stimuli","volume":"31","author":"Esteves","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210947","article-title":"Neural organization of the defense behavior system responsible for fear","volume":"1","author":"Fanselow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib14","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Startle reflex modulation during unconscious processing of fear-evoking slides in animal phobics [Abstract]","volume":"36","author":"Globisch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib15","series-title":"The orienting reflex in humans","first-page":"137","article-title":"Distinguishing among orienting, defense and startle reflexes","author":"Graham","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00334","article-title":"Preattentive processing of alcohol stimuli","volume":"44","author":"Ingjaldsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00075-8","article-title":"Craving for alcohol and pre-attentive processing of alcohol stimuli","volume":"49","author":"Ingjaldsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02349.x","article-title":"Modulation of the acoustic startle response by film-induced fear and sexual arousal","volume":"31","author":"Jansen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00368","article-title":"Nonconscious fear conditioning, visceral perception, and the development of gun feelings","volume":"12","author":"Katkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib44","series-title":"Design and analysis: a researcher's handbook","author":"Keppel","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(74)80008-0","article-title":"Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires","volume":"5","author":"Klorman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.50.5.372","article-title":"The emotion probe. Studies of motivation and attention","volume":"50","author":"Lang","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib23","series-title":"The international affective picture system [photographic slides]","author":"Lang","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib22","series-title":"Attention and orienting. Sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"97","article-title":"Motivated attention. Affect, activation and action","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib24","first-page":"377","article-title":"Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Lang","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(83)90010-5","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious perception: an approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes","volume":"15","author":"Marcel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459509004884","article-title":"Startle responses of spider phobics to masked stimuli: a pilot study","volume":"81","author":"Merckelbach","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01030.x","article-title":"Emotional qualities of odors and their influence on the startle reflex in humans","volume":"31","author":"Miltner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/30976","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala","volume":"393","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib29","series-title":"Attention and orienting. Sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"165","article-title":"As fast as the blink of an eye. Evolutionary preparedness for preattentive processing of threat","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib30","series-title":"Handbook of emotions","first-page":"573","article-title":"Fear and anxiety. Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.121","article-title":"On the automaticity of phobic fear: conditioned skin conductance responses to masked phobic stimuli","volume":"102","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.231","article-title":"\u201cUnconscious anxiety\u201d. Phobic responses to masked stimuli","volume":"103","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.127.1.69","article-title":"Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli. expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli","volume":"127","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3730275","article-title":"Attentional and emotional modulation of cardiac defense","volume":"37","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib34","series-title":"Essentials of behavioral research: methods and data analysis","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib35","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, M.B., 2000. Modulaci\u00f3n emocional de los reflejos de sobresalto y defensa. PhD thesis. University of Granada."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib36","first-page":"702","article-title":"Modulaci\u00f3n emocional de los reflejos defensivos mediante visualizaci\u00f3n de im\u00e1genes afectivas","volume":"14","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2002.1032635","article-title":"Neurovisceral integration in cardiac and emotional regulation","volume":"21","author":"Thayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib38","first-page":"413","article-title":"Cardiac defense and emotion: psychophysiological and clinical implications","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Vila","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib40","first-page":"140","article-title":"The cardiac defense response in humans. Effects of stimulus modality and gender differences","volume":"6","author":"Vila","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600005217","article-title":"A new look at cardiac defense: attention or emotion?","volume":"6","author":"Vila","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00411.1998","article-title":"Masked presentations of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activity without explicit knowledge","volume":"18","author":"Whalen","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01028.x","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious processes. An ERP index of an anticipatory response in a conditioning paradigm using visually masked stimuli","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016787600500005X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016787600500005X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T21:52:17Z","timestamp":1548798737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016787600500005X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S016787600500005X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}