{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:53:03Z","timestamp":1790715183073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T05:37:08Z","timestamp":1275457028000},"page":"50-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia E.","family":"Meuret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01078-7","article-title":"Persistent respiratory irregularity in patients with panic disorder","volume":"49","author":"Abelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20832","article-title":"Neonatal apnea: what's new?","volume":"43","author":"Abu-Shaweesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3301.094910","article-title":"Predisposition to vasovagal syncope in subjects with blood\/injury phobia","volume":"104","author":"Accurso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(91)90053-Q","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity at rest and during stress in individuals with a history of vasovagal syncope","volume":"35","author":"Ader","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-008-0479-7","article-title":"The origin of vasovagal syncope: to protect the heart or to escape predation?","volume":"18","author":"Alboni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Autonomic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.1.126","article-title":"Psychophysiological assessment during exposure in driving phobic patients","volume":"114","author":"Alpers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.12.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of mindfulness: emotion regulation following a focused breathing induction","volume":"44","author":"Arch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.2.264","article-title":"Triggering the false suffocation alarm in panic disorder patients by using a voluntary breath-holding procedure","volume":"151","author":"Asmundson","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.04.008","article-title":"Treatments for blood-injury-injection phobia: a critical review of current evidence","volume":"43","author":"Ayala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib11","series-title":"Paper presented at the 2009 Annual Conference of the ADAA, Santa Ana Pueblo, NM, March 12\u201315","article-title":"A novel biobehavioral approach to treating blood-injury-injection phobia","author":"Ayala","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2010.02.004","article-title":"Confrontation with blood and disgust stimuli precipitates respiratory dysregulation in blood-injury-injection phobia","volume":"84","author":"Ayala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib13","series-title":"Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic","author":"Barlow","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib14","series-title":"Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach","author":"Barlow","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6479.1387","article-title":"Respiratory and psychiatric abnormalities in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation","volume":"290","author":"Bass","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.038","article-title":"Vulnerability to simple faints is predicted by regional differences in brain anatomy","volume":"47","author":"Beacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.02.011","article-title":"Psychogenic pseudosyncope: an underestimated and provable diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Benbadis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.4.459","article-title":"Autonomic determinism: the modes of autonomic control, the doctrine of autonomic space, and the laws of autonomic constraint","volume":"98","author":"Berntson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib19","first-page":"985","article-title":"Inspiratory CO2 increases orthostatic tolerance during repeated tilt","volume":"72","author":"Blaber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.17.2.97","article-title":"Constant versus rhythmic muscle tension in applied tension","volume":"17","author":"Bodycoat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8760(94)90027-2","article-title":"Emotions and respiratory patterns: review and critical analysis","volume":"17","author":"Boiten","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.06.014","article-title":"Testing the Paleolithic-human-warfare hypothesis of blood-injection phobia in the Baltimore ECA Follow-up Study\u2014towards a more etiologically-based conceptualization for DSM-V","volume":"97","author":"Bracha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20010021","article-title":"Carbon dioxide, critical closing pressure and cerebral haemodynamics prior to vasovagal syncope in humans","volume":"101","author":"Carey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London, England: 1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.002","article-title":"Treatment of specific phobia in adults","volume":"27","author":"Choy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.09.007","article-title":"Disgust, fear, and the anxiety disorders: a critical review","volume":"29","author":"Cisler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00906.2006","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler estimation of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular conductance during modified rebreathing","volume":"102","author":"Claassen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01011109","article-title":"Effects of paced respiration on anxiety reduction in a clinical population","volume":"15","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biofeedback and Self Regulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(85)90026-6","article-title":"Respiratory control as a treatment for panic attacks","volume":"16","author":"Clark","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197601000-00010","article-title":"Acase of blood\/injury\/illness phobia treated behaviorally","volume":"162","author":"Cohn","year":"1976","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01233.x","article-title":"Interoceptive exposure versus breathing retraining within cognitive-behavioural therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia","volume":"36","author":"Craske","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib31","series-title":"Mastering Your Fears and Phobias. Therapist Guide","author":"Craske","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91218-2","article-title":"Role of carotid-body chemoreceptors and their reflex interactions in bradycardia and cardiac arrest","volume":"1","author":"Daly","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01719-9","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow velocity declines before arterial pressure in patients with orthostatic vasovagal presyncope","volume":"20","author":"Dan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.1.2.137","article-title":"Hyperventilation-induced syncope: no need to panic","volume":"1","author":"David","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Medicine & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(97)00178-5","article-title":"Blood-injection-injury phobia and fear of spiders: domain specific individual differences in disgust sensitivity","volume":"24","author":"de Jong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00488.x","article-title":"Reducing reactions to blood donation with applied muscle tension: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Ditto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib37","first-page":"339","article-title":"The human respiratory gate","volume":"548","author":"Eckberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(80)90071-3","article-title":"The use of systematic desensitization in the treatment of blood phobia","volume":"11","author":"Elmore","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-3-403","article-title":"Psychological stress, vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope, and sudden death","volume":"89","author":"Engel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-194709000-00002","article-title":"Studies of syncope: IV. Biologic interpretation of vasodepressor syncope","volume":"9","author":"Engel","year":"1947","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.37.4.524","article-title":"Role of the capacitance and resistance vessels in vasovagal syncope","volume":"37","author":"Epstein","year":"1968","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0141347300018103","article-title":"Cerebral circulation during treatment of blood-injury phobia: a case study","volume":"21","author":"Foulds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behavioural Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90134-5","article-title":"The effects of muscle tension on cerebral circulation in blood-phobic and non-phobic subjects","volume":"28","author":"Foulds","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.8.1080","article-title":"CO2 challenge of patients with panic disorder","volume":"144","author":"Fyer","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.05.045","article-title":"The endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of sleep-promoting neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus","volume":"134","author":"Gallopin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(92)90111-K","article-title":"Breathing retraining: a rational placebo?","volume":"12","author":"Garssen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422862","article-title":"The emotions and the ergotrophic and trophotropic systems","volume":"34","author":"Gellhorn","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychologische Forschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000203284.53066.4b","article-title":"Blood-injury phobia with and without a history of fainting: disgust sensitivity does not explain the fainting response","volume":"68","author":"Gerlach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196111000-00004","article-title":"Vasovagal fainting: a diphasic response","volume":"23","author":"Graham","year":"1961","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.11.014","article-title":"Toward understanding respiratory sinus arrhythmia: relations to cardiac vagal tone, evolution and biobehavioral functions","volume":"74","author":"Grossman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00412.x","article-title":"Prediction of tonic parasympathetic cardiac control using respiratory sinus arrhythmia: the need for respiratory control","volume":"28","author":"Grossman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1976.tb00850.x","article-title":"Paced respiration as a technique for the modification of autonomic response to stress","volume":"13","author":"Harris","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00060-7","article-title":"One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia","volume":"34","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198403000-00001","article-title":"On the triggering mechanism of vasovagal syncope","volume":"46","author":"Henry","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.01.002","article-title":"Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activity in blood-injection-injury phobia","volume":"75","author":"Hermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib57","first-page":"H620","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate","volume":"241","author":"Hirsch","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0089-5","article-title":"Sympathetic activity relates to adenosine A(2A) receptor gene variation in blood-injury phobia","volume":"116","author":"Hohoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun217","article-title":"Impaired arterial baroreflex function before nitrate-induced vasovagal syncope during head-up tilt test","volume":"10","author":"Iacoviello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib60","series-title":"Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System: Neurobiology of Homeostasis","author":"J\u00e4nig","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1804","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00640.2001","article-title":"Decrease in cardiac output and muscle sympathetic activity during vasovagal syncope","volume":"282","author":"Jardine","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.036715","article-title":"Cardiovascular regulation in the period preceding vasovagal syncope in conscious humans","volume":"549","author":"Julu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00241.2004","article-title":"Role of sensory input from the lungs in control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during and after apnea in humans","volume":"97","author":"Khayat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.1084","article-title":"Usefulness of physical maneuvers for prevention of vasovagal syncope","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820160076009","article-title":"False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions. An integrative hypothesis","volume":"50","author":"Klein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90080-3","article-title":"Types and correlates of blood\/injury-related vasovagal syncope","volume":"28","author":"Kleinknecht","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(74)80008-0","article-title":"Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires","volume":"5","author":"Klorman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(85)90049-7","article-title":"The psychophysiological process of therapy in a case of injury-scene-elicited fainting","volume":"16","author":"Kozak","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0141347300008053","article-title":"Multimodal behavioral treatment of recurrent injury-scene, elicited fainting (vasodepressor syncope)","volume":"9","author":"Kozak","year":"1981","journal-title":"Behavioural Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000030939.12646.8F","article-title":"Management of vasovagal syncope: controlling or aborting faints by leg crossing and muscle tensing","volume":"106","author":"Krediet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01250.2004","article-title":"Leg crossing, muscle tensing, squatting, and the crash position are effective against vasovagal reactions solely through increases in cardiac output","volume":"99","author":"Krediet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1161\/hc6172.099397","article-title":"Cerebral vasoconstriction in vasovagal syncope: any link with symptoms? A transcranial Doppler study","volume":"104","author":"Lagi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200808-078RM","article-title":"Disrupting actin\u2013myosin\u2013actin connectivity in airway smooth muscle as a treatment for asthma?","volume":"6","author":"Lavoie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000089200.81962.19","article-title":"Heart rate variability biofeedback increases baroreflex gain and peak expiratory flow","volume":"65","author":"Lehrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.298","article-title":"Cerebral versus systemic hemodynamics during graded orthostatic stress in humans","volume":"90","author":"Levine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3723.873","article-title":"A lecture on vasovagal syncope and the carotid sinus mechanism","volume":"1","author":"Lewis","year":"1932","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.977","article-title":"Complex demodulation of cardiorespiratory dynamics preceding vasovagal syncope","volume":"98","author":"Lipsitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455840083004","article-title":"Respiratory relief therapy. A new treatment procedure for the reduction of anxiety","volume":"8","author":"Longo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(92)90026-D","article-title":"Blood phobics and nonphobics: psychological differences and affect during exposure","volume":"30","author":"Lumley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.10.1207","article-title":"Blood-injury phobia: a review","volume":"145","author":"Marks","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020213","article-title":"Post-hyperventilation apnoea in conscious humans","volume":"477","author":"Meah","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib165","unstructured":"Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary, 2009; Online at http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/mplusdictionary.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445501254006","article-title":"Respiratory biofeedback-assisted therapy in panic disorder","volume":"25","author":"Meuret","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445503256324","article-title":"Breathing training in panic disorder treatment. Useful intervention or impediment to therapy?","volume":"27","author":"Meuret","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib84","series-title":"Capnography, Clinical Aspects","first-page":"129","article-title":"Therapeutic use of ambulatory capnography","author":"Meuret","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.01.002","article-title":"Voluntary hyperventilation in the treatment of panic disorder","volume":"25","author":"Meuret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.09.006","article-title":"Panic attack symptom dimensions and their relationship to illness characteristics in panic disorder","volume":"40","author":"Meuret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.06.005","article-title":"Feedback of end-tidal pCO2 as a therapeutic approach for panic disorder","volume":"42","author":"Meuret","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.08.003","article-title":"Changes in respiration mediate changes in fear of bodily sensations in panic disorder","volume":"43","author":"Meuret","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00299.x","article-title":"Myocardial contractility and cardiac filling measured by impedance cardiography in patients with nitroglycerine-induced vasovagal syncope","volume":"29","author":"Mitro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00548.2005","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamics during orthostatic stress assessed by nonlinear modeling","volume":"101","author":"Mitsis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp298","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"30","author":"Moya","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00149-0","article-title":"A breath-holding challenge in panic disorder patients, their healthy first-degree relatives, and normal controls","volume":"133","author":"Nardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21205","article-title":"Enhanced vascular responses to hypocapnia in neurally mediated syncope","volume":"63","author":"Norcliffe-Kaufmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.9.1876","article-title":"Hypocapnia and cerebral hypoperfusion in orthostatic intolerance","volume":"29","author":"Novak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1976.tb00081.x","article-title":"The cardiovascular\u2013behavioral interaction \u2014 as it appears today","volume":"13","author":"Obrist","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.8118644","article-title":"Oxygen desaturation following voluntary hyperventilation in normal subjects","volume":"149","author":"Ohi","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib97","series-title":"Handbook of Psychophysiology","first-page":"533","article-title":"Cognition and the autonomic nervous system. Orienting, anticipation, and conditioning","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.122.2.171","article-title":"Augmented respiratory relief. A new use of CO2 therapy in the treatment of phobic conditions: a preliminary report on two cases","volume":"122","author":"Orwin","year":"1973","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.119.553.635","article-title":"Respiratory relief: a new and rapid method for the treatment of phobic states","volume":"119","author":"Orwin","year":"1971","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib100","first-page":"25","article-title":"Breathe less, fear less: a new method used to treat blood phobia","volume":"134","author":"Orwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nursing Mirror and Midwives Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(75)90024-8","article-title":"A comparative trial of exposure and respiratory relief therapies","volume":"13","author":"Orwin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(87)90111-2","article-title":"Applied tension. A specific behavioral method for treatment of blood phobia","volume":"25","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90001-9","article-title":"Exposure in vivo versus applied relaxation in the treatment of blood phobia","volume":"22","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90099-8","article-title":"Physiological responses in blood phobics","volume":"22","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(89)90069-7","article-title":"Applied tension, applied relaxation, and the combination in the treatment of blood phobia","volume":"27","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(91)90006-O","article-title":"Applied tension, exposure in vivo, and tension only in the treatment of blood phobia","volume":"29","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(94)90036-1","article-title":"Blood-injury phobia","volume":"14","author":"Page","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00169-X","article-title":"The role of disgust in faintness elicited by blood and injection stimuli","volume":"17","author":"Page","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.8.1149","article-title":"Carbon dioxide hypersensitivity, hyperventilation, and panic disorder","volume":"150","author":"Papp","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib111","first-page":"757","article-title":"Vasovagal syncope masquerading as unexplained falls in an elderly patient","volume":"18","author":"Parry","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)90085-X","article-title":"Carbon dioxide\/oxygen challenge test in panic disorder","volume":"52","author":"Perna","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2003.t01-1-00323.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of the cerebrovascular response to apnoea in humans","volume":"548","author":"Przyby\u0142owski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000228010.96408.ed","article-title":"Implementation and interpretation of heart rate variability measures in psychosomatic medicine: practice against better evidence?","volume":"68","author":"Ritz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3850858","article-title":"Modulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia by respiration rate and volume: stability across postures and volume variations","volume":"38","author":"Ritz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3950546","article-title":"Guidelines for mechanical lung function measurements in psychophysiology","volume":"39","author":"Ritz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000170339.06281.07","article-title":"End-tidal pCO2 in blood phobics during viewing of emotion- and disease-related films","volume":"67","author":"Ritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib118","first-page":"229","article-title":"Vasovagal syncope in blood phobia: evidence for a biphasic response?","volume":"22","author":"Ritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E60","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20466","article-title":"Do blood phobia patients hyperventilate during exposure by breathing faster, deeper, or both?","volume":"26","author":"Ritz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib120","article-title":"Airway response to emotion- and disease-specific films in asthma, blood phobia, and health","author":"Ritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-194501000-00001","article-title":"Studies of syncope: III. Differentiation between vasodepressor and hysterical fainting","volume":"7","author":"Romano","year":"1945","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.015","article-title":"Physiological markers for anxiety: panic disorder and phobias","volume":"258","author":"Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199811000-00004","article-title":"Voluntary breath holding in panic and generalized anxiety disorders","volume":"60","author":"Roth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.2.171","article-title":"Are current theories of panic falsifiable?","volume":"131","author":"Roth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000023924.66889.4C","article-title":"Role of endogenous adenosine as a modulator of syncope induced during tilt testing","volume":"30","author":"Saadjian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp126","article-title":"Head-up tilt induced syncope and adenosine A2A receptor gene polymorphism","volume":"30","author":"Saadjian","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2003.09.004","article-title":"Transient modification of baroreceptor response during tilt-induced vasovagal syncope","volume":"6","author":"Samniah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(02)00030-3","article-title":"Blood phobia and spider phobia: two specific phobias with different autonomic cardiac modulations","volume":"60","author":"Sarlo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00713.x","article-title":"Cardovascular dynamics in blood phobia: evidence for a key role of sympathetic activity in vulnerability to syncope","volume":"45","author":"Sarlo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00093-5","article-title":"Disgust sensitivity and contamination fears in spider and blood-injection-injury phobias","volume":"38","author":"Sawchuk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00093-6","article-title":"Emotional responding to fearful and disgusting stimuli in specific phobics","volume":"40","author":"Sawchuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.417","article-title":"Dismantling cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder: questioning the utility of breathing retraining","volume":"68","author":"Schmidt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib133","first-page":"R1087","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during orthostasis: role of arterial CO2","volume":"290","author":"Serrador","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00100-3","article-title":"Adenosine: potential modulator for vasovagal syncope","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197811000-00004","article-title":"Antecedent psychological factors in the onset of vasovagal syncope","volume":"40","author":"Sledge","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.53.3.193","article-title":"Reflex anoxic seizures (\u201cwhite breath-holding\u201d): non-epileptic vagal attacks","volume":"53","author":"Stephenson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198807000-00008","article-title":"Emotional fainting and the psychophysiologic response to blood and injury: autonomic mechanisms and coping strategies","volume":"50","author":"Steptoe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000086","article-title":"The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"37","author":"Stinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.2.154","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during vasovagal syncope induced by active standing or head up tilt","volume":"82","author":"Sung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0870553","article-title":"Effects of leg muscle pumping and tension on orthostatic arterial pressure: a study in normal subjects and patients with autonomic failure","volume":"87","author":"Ten Harkel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-004-1002-4","article-title":"Defining and classifying syncope","volume":"14","author":"Thijs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Autonomic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335165.68893.b0","article-title":"Transient loss of consciousness through the eyes of a witness","volume":"71","author":"Thijs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.16.3.182","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioural treatment of blood-injury-injection phobia: a case study","volume":"16","author":"Thompson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03003257","article-title":"On the diphasic nature of vasovagal fainting associated with blood-injury-illness phobia","volume":"20","author":"Thyer","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Pavlonian Journal of Biological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00048-X","article-title":"Disgust and disgust sensitivity in blood-injection-injury and spider phobia","volume":"35","author":"Tolin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00583.x","article-title":"Effects of stimulus intensity on autonomic responding: the problem of differentiating orienting and defense reflexes","volume":"23","author":"Turpin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.46.1.28","article-title":"Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects","volume":"46","author":"van den Elshout","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199203000-00005","article-title":"Hyperventilation is not diagnostically specific to panic patients","volume":"53","author":"van den Hout","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00738.2004","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of leg crossing and skeletal muscle tensing during free standing in patients with vasovagal syncope","volume":"98","author":"van Dijk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0810575","article-title":"The vasovagal response","volume":"81","author":"van Lieshout","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90932-S","article-title":"Physical manoeuvres for combating orthostatic dizziness in autonomic failure","volume":"339","author":"van Lieshout","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb03901.x","article-title":"Neural circulatory control in vasovagal syncope","volume":"20","author":"van Lieshout","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00260.2002","article-title":"Syncope, cerebral perfusion, and oxygenation","volume":"94","author":"van Lieshout","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.08.002","article-title":"Digestive and cardiovascular responses to core and animal-reminder disgust","volume":"80","author":"van Overveld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198403000-00002","article-title":"Biochemical changes in two subjects succumbing to syncope","volume":"46","author":"Vingerhoets","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00133-4","article-title":"Psychophysiologic effects of applied tension on the emotional fainting response to blood and injury","volume":"41","author":"V\u00f6gele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.15.6.875","article-title":"Vasodepressor syncope; factors influencing cardiac output","volume":"15","author":"Weissler","year":"1957","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246580001763X","article-title":"Cognitive factors in the maintenance of injection phobia","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01819146","article-title":"Physical manoeuvres that reduce postural hypotension in autonomic failure","volume":"3","author":"Wieling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Autonomic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00017","article-title":"Slow recovery from voluntary hyperventilation in panic disorder","volume":"63","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01000-3","article-title":"Physiologic instability in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"49","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib162","first-page":"317","article-title":"Improving estimation of cardiac vagal tone during spontaneous breathing using a paced breathing calibration","volume":"40","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(64)90051-8","article-title":"A fear schedule for use in behavior therapy","volume":"2","author":"Wolpe","year":"1964","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.1113","article-title":"Deterioration of cerebral autoregulation during orthostatic stress: insights from the frequency domain","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167876010001418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167876010001418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T11:18:19Z","timestamp":1685618299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167876010001418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167876010001418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.05.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}