{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T05:41:02Z","timestamp":1794462062475,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:06:18Z","timestamp":1791558378000},"page":"113495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in people with depression and\/or anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alkout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirun Haqqim Bin Eldeen","family":"Husaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Kadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Parlatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Bellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315623708","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle and heart rate variability in young adults","volume":"23","author":"Aeschbacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140217","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the impact of psychotropic medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Alvares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02746-4","article-title":"Effect of one-shot cognitive behavioral therapy on insomnia and heart rate variability of health care workers at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Amra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.160","article-title":"Anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation as mechanisms of successful CBT outcome for anxiety-related disorders in a naturalistic treatment setting","volume":"267","author":"Asnaani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03962-8","article-title":"Effect of behavioral activation on time and frequency domain heart rate variability in older adults with subthreshold depression: a cluster randomized controlled trial in Thailand","volume":"22","author":"Ayudhaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000671","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and emerging psychopathology: a transdiagnostic, transdisciplinary perspective","volume":"31","author":"Beauchaine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054720972793","article-title":"Indices of heart rate variability and performance during a response-conflict task are differently associated with ADHD and autism","volume":"26","author":"Bellato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.01.017","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: altered autonomic functioning in youths with emotional dysregulation","volume":"63","author":"Bellato","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.721382","article-title":"Single-session therapy by appointment for the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth and adults: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Bertuzzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01402-8","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety-related disorders: a meta-analysis of recent literature","volume":"25","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00026","article-title":"The LF\/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance","volume":"4","author":"Billman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000994","article-title":"Heart rate variability in individual psychotherapy: associations with alliance and outcome","volume":"207","author":"Blanck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073329","article-title":"Neurophysiological approach by self-control of your stress-related autonomic nervous system with depression, stress and anxiety patients","volume":"18","author":"Blase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074","article-title":"The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health","volume":"60","author":"Brosschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.879166","article-title":"Emotion regulation, parasympathetic function, and psychological well-being","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2020.1829027","article-title":"The benefits of a longer course of cognitive behavioral therapy for some patients with social anxiety disorder","volume":"50","author":"Butler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0080","article-title":"Change in heart rate and heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"62","author":"Carney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090872","article-title":"Is low heart rate variability associated with emotional dysregulation, psychopathological dimensions, and prefrontal dysfunctions? An integrative view","volume":"11","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0138-z","article-title":"Worry is associated with robust reductions in heart rate variability: a transdiagnostic study of anxiety psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Chalmers","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152347","article-title":"Intervention methods for improving reduced heart rate variability in patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12972","article-title":"Breathing exercise combined with cognitive behavioural intervention improves sleep quality and heart rate variability in major depression","volume":"24","author":"Chien","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30024-4","article-title":"Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis","volume":"3","author":"Chisholm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.17241\/smr.2011.2.1.10","article-title":"The effect of non-pharmacological treatment for psychophysiological insomnia on cardiovascular autonomic regulation assessed using heart rate variability","volume":"2","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.596","article-title":"Investigating the impact of undiagnosed anxiety and depression on health and social care costs and quality of life: cross-sectional study using household health survey data","volume":"9","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.04.001","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety and depression","volume":"49","author":"Crowe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0482","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy for mental disorders in adults: a unified series of meta-analyses","volume":"82","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00004","article-title":"Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy","volume":"9","author":"David","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.002","article-title":"Physiological and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation as predictors of outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety","volume":"46","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb3005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28434-8","article-title":"The impact of energy efficiency in reducing environmental degradation: does renewable energy and forest resources matter?","volume":"30","author":"Deka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0140","first-page":"62","article-title":"Comparison of heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder during cognitive behavioral therapy program","volume":"25","author":"Diveky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Danub."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0145","first-page":"245","article-title":"What the heart brings to therapy: a systematic review on heart rate variability contributions to psychotherapy research","volume":"28","author":"Dufey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Psicopatol. Psicol. Cl\u00edn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.951429","article-title":"Improved emotion regulation following a trauma-informed CBT-based intervention associates with reduced risk for recidivism in justice-involved emerging adults","volume":"13","author":"Dumornay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2024.111885","article-title":"Biomarkers as predictors of CBT responsiveness in major depressive disorder: the role of heart rate variability and inflammation","volume":"186","author":"Euteneuer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000447","article-title":"Does psychological treatment of major depression reduce cardiac risk biomarkers? An exploratory randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Euteneuer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-015-0486-4","article-title":"Effects of CBT versus MBSR treatment on social stress reactions in social anxiety disorder","volume":"7","author":"Faucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113495118","article-title":"The size, burden and cost of disorders of the brain in the UK","volume":"27","author":"Fineberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20533","article-title":"Effect of medication and psychotherapy on heart rate variability in panic disorder","volume":"26","author":"Garakani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.06.015","article-title":"The impact of heart rate variability on subjective well-being is mediated by emotion regulation","volume":"49","author":"Geisler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjmad.2024.100059","article-title":"Heart rate variability during inpatient treatment of depression","volume":"6","author":"Geiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mood Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6615836","article-title":"Sensory behaviours and resting parasympathetic functions among children with and without ADHD","volume":"2021","author":"Gomez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02960-1","article-title":"The relationship between heart rate variability and affective disorders: associations with symptomatic improvement and therapeutic alliance","volume":"13","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.001","article-title":"Heart rate variability (HRV) as a way to understand associations between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and affective states: a critical review of the literature","volume":"192","author":"Gullett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0210","first-page":"562","article-title":"Differential autonomic nervous system reactivity in depression and anxiety during stress depending on type of stressor","volume":"78","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm17017","article-title":"Effects of cognitive behavior therapy on heart rate variability in young females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a parallel-group trial","volume":"23","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030305","article-title":"The critical relationship between anxiety and depression","author":"Kalin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.12.012","article-title":"Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Kemp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2009.6.4.245","article-title":"The effect of cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy applied in a forest environment on physiological changes and remission of major depressive disorder","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb3010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01806","article-title":"Effects of Dance Movement Therapy and Dance on Health-Related Psychological Outcomes. A Meta-Analysis Update","volume":"10","author":"Koch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20941","article-title":"The efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders in adults: An umbrella review and meta-analytic evaluation of recent meta-analyses","volume":"21","author":"Leichsenring","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106300","article-title":"The effects of non-pharmacological interventions on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) in individuals with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0245","first-page":"508","article-title":"Association between anxiety disorders and heart rate variability in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"71","author":"Licht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00217","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in severity of depressive symptoms, heart rate variability, and neurocognitive profiles of depressed young adults: exploring characteristics for mild depression","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0255","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effects of the forest healing program on depression, cognition, and the autonomic nervous system in the elderly with cognitive decline","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"\uc778\uac04\uc2dd\ubb3c\ud658\uacbd\ud559\ud68c\uc9c0(JPPE)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05638-x","article-title":"Prediction of the efficacy of group cognitive behavioral therapy using heart rate variability based smart wearable devices: a randomized controlled study","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.641605","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators for mental health service use among racial\/ethnic minority adolescents: a systematic review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0270","author":"L\u00fcdecke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb3015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.12.017","article-title":"How heart rate variability affects emotion regulation brain networks","volume":"19","author":"Mather","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2164956120922812","article-title":"Brain and physiological markers of autonomic function are associated with treatment-related improvements in self-reported autonomic dysfunction in veterans with Gulf War illness: an exploratory pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Mathersul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Adv. Health Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.2000.54.2.257","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy of depression: theory, treatment, and empirical status","volume":"54","author":"McGinn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychother."},{"issue":"2, Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00889-4","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activity and female sexual arousal","volume":"86","author":"Meston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.03.001","article-title":"Heart rate variability in patients with agoraphobia with or without panic disorder remains stable during CBT but increases following in-vivo exposure","volume":"64","author":"Mumm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0295","author":"NICE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.3971","article-title":"Psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"81","author":"Papola","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0305","author":"R Team Core"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110478","article-title":"Exploring the role of neuropeptides in depression and anxiety","volume":"114","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.11.002","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression on the neural correlates of emotion regulation","volume":"271","author":"Rubin-Falcone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/ajim.ajim_112_23","article-title":"Effects of cognitive behavior therapy on heart rate variability among medical students at a teaching institution in Jaipur, India","volume":"13","author":"Saboo","year":"2025","journal-title":"APIK J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.01.007","article-title":"Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)\u2014results of a preliminary investigation","volume":"22","author":"Sack","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0330","first-page":"135","article-title":"The association of sleep duration and quality with heart rate variability and blood pressure","volume":"19","author":"Sajjadieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2024.103770","article-title":"The body mirroring thought: the relationship between thought transitions and fluctuations in autonomic nervous activity mediated by interoception","volume":"125","author":"Sakuragi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.07.009","article-title":"Differences of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in major depression","volume":"79","author":"Schumann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040","article-title":"A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/30590","article-title":"Effectiveness of self-guided virtual reality\u2013based cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.002","article-title":"Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic treatment construct across anxiety, depression, substance, eating and borderline personality disorders: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Sloan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0083-4","article-title":"Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following exercise: implications for training prescription","volume":"43","author":"Stanley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.11.006","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features","volume":"55","author":"Stepp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13636","article-title":"Cross system autonomic balance and regulation: associations with depression and anxiety symptoms","volume":"57","author":"Stone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.10.005","article-title":"Emotion regulation strategies in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder","volume":"50","author":"Strauss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084215","article-title":"Obesity, nutrition and heart rate variability","volume":"22","author":"Str\u00fcven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2026.02.001","article-title":"Changes in phasic heart rate variability predict clinical outcomes following emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and comorbid depression","author":"Szkutak","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22744","article-title":"Anxiety disorders: a review","volume":"328","author":"Szuhany","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.004","article-title":"Depressive and anxiety disorders in concert\u2013a synthesis of findings on comorbidity in the NESDA study","volume":"284","author":"ter Meulen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102426","article-title":"Psychophysiological assessment of stress reactivity and recovery in anxiety disorders","volume":"82","author":"Tolin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.787","article-title":"Potential side effects of unhealthy lifestyle choices and health risks on basal and reactive heart rate variability in college drinkers","volume":"74","author":"Udo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-2-12","article-title":"Effects of antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability in major depression: a quantitative review","volume":"2","author":"van Zyl","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioPsychoSoc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb3020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03339-x","article-title":"Heart rate variability in mental disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Translational psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-023-01634-2","article-title":"The economic burden of mental disorders: results from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study-2","volume":"25","author":"Wijnen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Econ."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Psychophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167876026001789?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167876026001789?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T05:20:22Z","timestamp":1794460822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167876026001789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0167876026001789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8760","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in people with depression and\/or anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2026.113495","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113495"}}