{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:40:27Z","timestamp":1793032827042,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024370","name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Universita e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:39:58Z","timestamp":1788190798000},"page":"100657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multifunctional TPU-HAp\/HA-TiO2 membranes for prosthesis osteointegration and prevention of in situ infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ruggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Vigani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Tommasino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Maffioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Grisoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Boselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Icaro Cornaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0005","article-title":"Advances in dual functional antimicrobial and osteoinductive biomaterials for orthopaedic applications","volume":"24","author":"Afewerki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9206","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169206","article-title":"Electrospun biomimetic nanofibrous membranes: a promising prospect for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"23","author":"Anjum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0019-y","article-title":"Implant infections: adhesion, biofilm formation and immune evasion","volume":"16","author":"Arciola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2022.29.3.145","article-title":"The role of titanium particles and ions in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis","volume":"29","author":"Asa'ad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bone Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.01.114","article-title":"Nano-TiO\u2082 effect on thermal, rheological and structural properties of thermoplastic polypropylene nanocomposites","volume":"17","author":"Bendaoued","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000709","article-title":"The intersection of mechanotransduction and regenerative osteogenic materials","volume":"9","author":"Bertrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061127","article-title":"Inorganic nanomaterials in tissue engineering","volume":"14","author":"Bianchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26510","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c06144","article-title":"Cerium oxide and chondroitin sulfate doped polyurethane membranes to bridge tendons","volume":"15","author":"Bianchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0045","article-title":"Synthesis and use of thermoplastic polymers for tissue engineering purposes","volume":"9","author":"Bianchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0050","article-title":"Magnetic membranes for the mechanotransduction stimulation in tendon tissue regeneration","volume":"32","author":"Bianchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136470","article-title":"Design and characterization of aromatic copolyesters containing furan and isophthalic rings with suitable properties for vascular tissue engineering","volume":"26","author":"Bondi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071479","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid: its versatile use in ocular drug delivery with a specific focus on hyaluronic acid-based polyelectrolyte complexes","volume":"14","author":"Casey-Power","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0065","article-title":"Nonlinear dependence (on ionic strength, pH) of surface charge density and zeta potential in microchannel electrokinetic flow","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0070","first-page":"478","article-title":"Electrospun nanofibrous membranes meet antibacterial nanomaterials: from preparation strategies to biomedical applications","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pgr2.4","article-title":"Functional organization of extracellular hyaluronan, CD44, and RHAMM","volume":"1","author":"Cowman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proteoglycan Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00115","article-title":"Antimicrobial and biodegradable 3D printed membranes for orthopedic infections","volume":"9","author":"Dubey","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68023-4","article-title":"Synergistic effect of TiO\u2082 nanoparticles and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) on the morphology and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid","volume":"14","author":"El-Taweel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.200083","article-title":"Review of calcium-sulphate-based ceramics and synthetic bone substitutes used for antibiotic delivery in PJI and osteomyelitis treatment","volume":"6","author":"Ene","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-014-0729-2","article-title":"The short-term toxic effects of TiO\u2082 nanoparticles toward bacteria through viability, cellular respiration, and lipid peroxidation","volume":"12","author":"Erdem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0100","series-title":"Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe\u2019s Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation & Sterilization","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106136","article-title":"Worldwide incidence of surgical site infections in general surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 488,594 patients","volume":"95","author":"Gillespie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3762","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c20204","article-title":"Antibacterial honeycomb membranes for achieving infection prevention and bone regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Hayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1847-z","article-title":"Infection following fractures of the proximal tibia: a systematic review of incidence and outcome","volume":"18","author":"Henkelmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s13726-020-00789-6","article-title":"Mechanical modeling of silk fibroin\/TiO\u2082 and silk fibroin\/fluoridated TiO\u2082 nanocomposite membranes for bone tissue engineering","volume":"29","author":"Johari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.632029","article-title":"Enhanced cells anchoring to electrospun hybrid membranes with PHBV and HA particles for bone tissue regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Karbowniczek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0130","article-title":"Thorn-like TiO\u2082 nanoarrays with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity through physical puncture and photocatalytic action","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/785037","article-title":"TiO\u2082 and TiO\u2082-doped films able to kill bacteria by contact: new evidence for the dynamics of bacterial inactivation in the dark and under light irradiation","volume":"2014","author":"Kiwi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241307939","article-title":"Microbial dysbiosis, titanium release, and peri-implantitis","volume":"104","author":"Kotsakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(08)62327-X","article-title":"Non-UV germicidal activity of fresh TiO\u2082 and Ag\/TiO\u2082","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05299-2","article-title":"Risk factors for deep surgical site infections following orthopedic trauma surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.09.019","article-title":"Infection after fracture fixation: current surgical and microbiological concepts","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33122","article-title":"Thermoplastic polyurethane\/hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: effects of polymer properties and particle size","volume":"102B","author":"Mi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.70244","article-title":"Enhanced mechanical and biological properties of 3D gelatin\/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels reinforced with TiO\u2082 nanoparticles for wound dressing applications","volume":"36","author":"Naeini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2018.09.007","article-title":"Cell form and function: Interpreting and controlling the shape of adherent cells","volume":"37","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2020.594686","article-title":"Tailoring membranes for orthopedic application with anti-microbial properties: current scenario and future prospects","volume":"7","author":"Preethi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26252","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA05214C","article-title":"Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering membranes: a review","volume":"9","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33950","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite\u2013polymer biocomposites for bone regeneration: a review of current trends","volume":"106","author":"Ramesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061614","article-title":"Microbial biofilm: a review on formation, infection, antibiotic resistance, control measures, and innovative treatment","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-024-00159-3","article-title":"Antimicrobial metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in bone tissue repair","volume":"2","author":"Shineh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater. Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201400101","article-title":"Insight into the primary mode of action of TiO\u2082 nanoparticles on Escherichia coli in the dark","volume":"15","author":"Sohm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12172761","article-title":"High bactericidal self-assembled nano-monolayer of silver sulfadiazine on hydroxylated material surfaces","volume":"12","author":"Taglietti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202300057","article-title":"Bioinspired multi-layer biopolymer-based dental implant coating for enhanced osseointegration","volume":"23","author":"Uzulmez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24509","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b10052","article-title":"Extracellular electron transfer from aerobic bacteria to Au-loaded TiO\u2082 semiconductor without light: a new bacteria-killing mechanism other than localized surface plasmon resonance or microbial fuel cells","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.109197","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering membranes materials: fundamentals, advances, and challenges","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2017.0017","article-title":"Local cellular responses to titanium dioxide from orthopedic implant","volume":"6","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biores. Open Access."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2024.08.100","article-title":"Advances in hyaluronic acid: bioactivity, complexed biomaterials and biological application: a review","volume":"48","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6459","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S117584","article-title":"Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for use in dental resin formulations","volume":"11","author":"Zane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0245","first-page":"12","article-title":"Synergistic antibacterial activity of physical-chemical multi-mechanism by TiO\u2082 nanorod arrays for safe biofilm eradication on implant","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00463","article-title":"Hierarchical micro\u2013nano topography promotes cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation via integrin \u03b12\u2013PI3K\u2013AKT signaling axis","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27197","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b08042","article-title":"Evidence for compression of Escherichia coli K12 cells under the effect of TiO\u2082 nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Zhukova","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590156726001775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590156726001775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:06:40Z","timestamp":1793030800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590156726001775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2590156726001775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1567","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multifunctional TPU-HAp\/HA-TiO2 membranes for prosthesis osteointegration and prevention of in situ infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpx.2026.100657","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100657"}}