{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:40:00Z","timestamp":1792255200971,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJID Regions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T21:13:30Z","timestamp":1749158010000},"page":"100680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Economic burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in Uganda: a cost-of-illness analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9719-3934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bwambale","family":"Jonani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60917-9","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidosis","volume":"369","author":"Sobel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30103-8","article-title":"Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.067","article-title":"Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"214","author":"Sobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-169","article-title":"Subjective health status and health-related quality of life among women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) in Europe and the USA","volume":"11","author":"Aball\u00e9a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.068","article-title":"Signs of chronic stress in women with recurrent candida vulvovaginitis","volume":"193","author":"Ehrstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2010.19.17.78559","article-title":"Vaginal thrush: quality of life and treatments","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2011.00860.x","article-title":"Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis: what we know and what we have yet to learn","volume":"53","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e318287aced","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis as a chronic disease: diagnostic criteria and definition","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0009","series-title":"Health Expenditure profile","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0010","series-title":"Global prevalence of fungal infections - Life Worldwide","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.133470","article-title":"Factors associated with symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis: a study among women attending a Primary Healthcare Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"4","author":"Apalata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-024-00288-6","article-title":"distribution and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Uganda: evidence from UDHS 2016","volume":"9","author":"Towongo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contracept Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0014","first-page":"374","article-title":"The association between vulvovaginal candidiasis and hormonal contraceptive use in the outpatient clinic of Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in 2017\u20132020: a retrospective study","volume":"34","author":"Bahat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0015","first-page":"303","article-title":"Over-the-counter suboptimal dispensing of antibiotics in Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Mukonzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.04.070169","article-title":"Effect of antibiotics on vulvovaginal candidiasis: a MetroNet study","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0748-8","article-title":"Current patient perspectives of vulvovaginal candidiasis: incidence, symptoms, management and post-treatment outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Yano","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0018","article-title":"Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda","volume":"11","author":"Bongomin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0019","series-title":"The national population and housing census 2024. Final report - I. (Main)","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0020","series-title":"The Medicine Price Components in Uganda report","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0021","series-title":"GDP Per Capita (Current US$)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0022","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Purchasing power parities; 2023 https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?lc=en&df[ds]=DisseminateArchiveDMZ&df[id]=DF_DP_LIVE&df[ag]=OECD&av=true&pd=%2C&dq=UGA [accessed 16 April 2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0023","series-title":"Uganda Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2016\/17=100)","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0024","series-title":"Women in the labour force in Uganda","author":"Namuliira","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420943034","article-title":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (2019)","volume":"31","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0027","series-title":"Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (% of Current Health Expenditure) - Uganda","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"How vaginal infections impact women\u2019s everyday life \u2014women\u2019s lived experiences of bacterial vaginosis and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"7","author":"Adolfsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074378","article-title":"The burden of bacterial vaginosis: women\u2019s experience of the physical, emotional, sexual and social impact of living with recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"8","author":"Bilardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01973-x","article-title":"Lived experience of medical management in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a qualitative study of an uncertain journey","volume":"22","author":"Bradfield Strydom","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00938-y","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of adherence to treatment among women with vulvovaginal candidiasis: a qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Erfaninejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0032","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of recurrent urogenital infections: a review","volume":"19","author":"Thomas-White","year":"2023","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06197-7","article-title":"The costs of delivering emergency care at regional referral hospitals in Uganda: a micro-costing study","volume":"21","author":"Werner","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czs133","article-title":"The health system cost of post-abortion care in Uganda","volume":"29","author":"Vlassoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czy078","article-title":"Estimating the cost and cost-effectiveness for obstetric fistula repair in hospitals in Uganda: a low income country","volume":"33","author":"Epiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"}],"container-title":["IJID Regions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707625001158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707625001158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:22:10Z","timestamp":1770898930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772707625001158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S2772707625001158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-7076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-7076","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Economic burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in Uganda: a cost-of-illness analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IJID Regions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100680","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100680"}}